History Test II- Latin America
About this set
Created by:
glammster on October 21, 2010
Subjects:
world history, latin america, south america, history, history test, world history test
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46 terms
Spanish | English |
|---|---|
 casta paintings |  Paintings intended to demonstrate the class system in Latin America |
| Virgen De Guadelupe |  Appeared to a boy, and was native like him |
| Cochabamba |  The Church of Santo Domingo was built on this to show superiority over the Inca |
| Pan-Americanism | The idea that all of South America could be governed as a single country and governed as one |
| mulattos | African and European |
| peninsulares | Spanish people born in Spain |
| creoles | Spanish people born in Latin America |
| mestizos | Europeans and Amerindians |
| Cajamarca conflict | When Pizzaro conquered Atahualpa and the Inca |
| indios | Native Latin Americans |
| security of worker | During the Inca Empire, when all were in the same class level and if a person was sick or injured they would be cared for by the community |
| surplus/magazines | If there were extra crops, these were stored in case of emergencies |
| 1520 | Year of the fall of the Aztec empire |
| quipu | These were used by the Inca for record keeping. |
| 1824 | Most of the colonies were independent by this year |
| Tenochtitlan | capital of Aztec empire, now Mexico city |
| Hernan(do) Cortes | -Crossed from Hispaniola (West Indies) to mainland mexico in search of gold -launched the conquest of Aztec Mexico |
| tribute burden | -Part of Huitzillopochtli religion -constant sacrificing and warfare -lead to Aztec revolt, reconquest, and resentment |
| mita | -"turn" or "rotation" -every seventeenth household had to take a turn sending men to the mines |
| Cuzco | -capital city of Incan empire, where imperial government was -in civil war at time of Spanish invasion |
| Christopher Columbus | -The "first" person to discover Americas -Was trying to reach Asia |
| Columbian Exchange | -the trade of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old and New Worlds |
| conquistadores | -"conquerer" -refers to Spanish soldier-explorers who sought to conquer the New world for the Spanish Crown |
| -superior weapons -horses (scary to natives) -had battle experience -history of learning and studying previous battles | advantages of Spaniards |
| Francisco Pizzaro | conquered Atahualpa and the Inca |
| la Malinche | -Aztec noblewoman who was sold to a Mayan merchant and learned how to speak the Mayan language -Cortes' translator -considered traitor to some |
| Montezuma | -ruler of Aztecs during time of Cortes -conquered |
| Atahualpa | -ruler of the Inca Empire -conquered by Pizarro |
| mercantilism | -economic system -colonies exist for benefit of mother country -money system is weight of gold and silver |
| quinto | -one fifth of all precious metals mined in the Americas belong to the Crown |
| encomienda | -crown granted conquerers the right to employ groups of Amerindians -disguised form of slavery |
| mining | -main money supply in Americas -very dangerous but profitable |
| Potosi | -city where the largest silver mine in South America was located |
| Council of Indies | -huge bureaucracy in Spain that watched over American colonies |
| viceroyalty | -four administrative units of Spanish possessions in the Americas |
| viceroy | -imperial governor of viceroyalties who had broad military and civil authority -the Spanish sovereign's direct representatives |
| New Spain, Peru, New Granada, La Plata | the four viceroyalties |
| audiencia | -twelve to fifteen judges who served as an advisory council and highest judicial body |
| corregidores | -local officials who held judicial and military power |
| colonial Church | -converted Amerindians -taught agriculture -hospitals, schools -brought natives into Spanish orbit |
| Bartolome de las Casas | Spanish missionary who wrote about how the spanish were murdering thousands of natives |
| New Law of the Indies | -influenced by Bartolome de las Casas -written by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and king of Spain -says you can no longer have encomiendas (at least, no new ones) -says you cannot enslave any Indios |
| Jose Gabriel Condorcanqui/ Tupac Amaru II | -mestizo who had a very successful trading business -appealed to viceroy and king for the end of mita, and audiencia in Cuzco, native representation in audiencia -when they did not listen, began a series of executions of corregidores -captured and executed as he attempts seige of Cuzco |
| -mercantilist system does not benefit colonial economies -protective tariffs imposed by Spain cripple Creole merchants -Creoles dissatisfied with lack of government jobs they received -inspired by US independence -native people wanted change -pure length of colonial period (~300 years) | conditions (c. 1800) that led to independence |
| Simon Bolivar | -"Latin American George Washington" -president of Gran Columbia in 1819 -dreamed of Pan-Americanism -won independence for Latin America |
| -difficulty acheiving political stability -Creole leaders had no experience -military became most powerful in many nations, were not afraid to interfere in civil affairs -social hierarchy stayed the same even after independence | Challenges faced by independent nations |
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