| Term | Definition |
|---|
| PRESSURE ULCER / DECUBITUS | Inflammation, sore, or ulcer over the bony prominence. |
| TISSUE ISCHEMIA | A condition that occurs when capillary blood flow is obstructed by pressure. |
| RELATIVE BLANCHING HYPEREMIA | A mechanism that causes the blood vessels to dilate in the area of injury & can prevent tissue trauma. |
| SHEAR, FRICTION, & MOISTURE | Name some external factors that can contribute to decubitus. |
| NUTRITION, INFECTION, & AGE | Name some internal factors that can contribute to decubitus. |
| CACHEXIA | Generalized ill health & malnutrition marked by weakness & emaciation. |
| STAGE 1 | A decubitus that appears warm, red, firm & boggy. |
| STAGE 2 | A decubitus that is superficial & has partial thickness skin loss and apppears to be an abrasion or a blister. |
| STAGE 3 | Full thickness skin loss involving damage to SQ tissue & resembling a deep crater w or w/o undermining of adjacent tissue. |
| STAGE 4 | Full thickness skin loss occurs w/ extensive destruction, tissue necrosis, damage to bone & muscles. |
| SECONDARY INTENTION | How does pressure ulcer generally heal? |
| 4 DAYS b/c new epithelial cells migrate across a moist surface | How long will it take a wound to heal if it is kept in a moist environment? |
| PRIMARY SKIN LESIONS | Skin lesions that are associated w/ skin tags & moles that are normal appearing & not cause by trauma. |
| DEBRIDEMENT | Removal of dead necrotic tissue from a wound. |
| PURULENT EXUDATE | Wound drainage containg a thick, yellow, greenish pus. |
| PROTECTION | What is the most important function of the skin? |
| 1-PRODUCES & ABSORBS VIT D, 2- REGULATES BODY TEMPT, 3- SENSES PAIN, TOUCH,& PRESSURE | WHAT ARE SOME BASIC FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN? |
| EPIDERMIS,DERMIS,& SQ | NAME THE 3 LAYERS OF THE SKIN |
| EPIDERMIS | The outermost layer of the skin that is avascular. |
| DERMIS | The 2nd layer of the skin composed of CT; is the layer that gives elasticity to the skin; BV,GLANDS, & HAIR FIBERS. |
| PRIMARY LESIONS | Lesions that develop on previously unaltered skin. |
| SECONDARY LESIONS | Lesions that change w/ time or occur b/c of factors such as scratching or infections. |
| MACULE | EX. flat mole that is a change in the color of theskin & <1cm in diameter. |
| PAPULE | EX. wart, cherry angioma, or skin tag. |
| PLAQUE | Eczema,& Psoriases are example of lesions that are elevated,& rough, > 1cm |
| WHEAL | Elevated irregular shaped area of cutaneous edema ex. insect bites & allergic reactions. |
| PASTULE | EX. ACNE: Elevated lesion similar to a vesicle but filled w/ purulent fluid. |
| FISSURE | Linear crack or break from the epidermis |
| EXCORIATION | Loss of epidermis; linear hollowed out crusted area. |
| CYANOSIS | GRAYISH BLUE TONE IN CAUCASIANS; ASHEN-GRAY IN BLACKS |
| ECCHYMOSIS | DARK RED,PURPLE YELLOW & GREEN IN CAUCASIANS; DEEP BLUE & BLACK IN DK. SKINS |
| ERYTHEMA | REDDISH TONE CAUCASIANS; DEEP BROWN /PURPLE IN DK SKIN |
| JAUNDICE | YELLOWISH ON PALM OF HANDS & SOLES OF FEET, & SCLERA OF EYE. |
| PALLOR | PALE IN CAUCASIANS; ASHEN GRAY IN DK SKINS. |
| VITILIGO | Area of unpigmented skin secondary to a lack of melanin more prevalent in dk skins. |
| PETECHIA | Small reddish pinpoint lesions. |
| 48 HRS AFTER ADMISSION | in an acute care setting when would a decubitus ulcer risk assessment be perrformed? |
| Weekly for 1st 4 weeks after admission | In a long term care setting when would a decubitus ulcer risk assessment be performed ? |
| NORMAL SALINE SOLUTIONS | The best solution to clean decubitus ulcers with are : |
| BLACK WOUNDS | Wounds that are dehydrated & necrotic w/ leathery hard black appearance are classified as: |
| YELLOW WOUNDS | Wounds that have exudate & yellow slough they tend to be very moist & are classified as: |
| RED WOUNDS | Wounds that are in the active healing phase & are clean w/ pink to red granulation, they need to be kept moist & protected they are classifieed as: |
| ESCHAR | a WOUND THAT HAS BLACK HARD TISSUE IS CALLED: |
| SEROUS | A clear watery plaasma. |
| SANGUINEOUS | Fresh "RED" bleeding |
| SERSANGUINEOUS | A pale reddish pink drainage |
| CELL DEATH | Pressure ulcer are caused by: |
| TZANCK TEST | Name the test used to check fluid & cells from vesicles to detect herpes infections. |
| MINERAL OIL SLIDES | A procedure used to check for infestations. |
| CULTURES | A test procedure used to identfy fungal, bacteria, & viral organisms. |
| PATCH TEST | A procedure used to determine allergy to testing material. |
| USE SPF 15 or higher, wear hats,& avoid sun b/t 10-2 & 11-3 | What are some safe sun practices? |
| NEOPLASM | A new or abnormal formation of tissue, as a tumor or growth. |
| METASTASIZE | To invade distant structures of the body. EX. CANCER SPREADING |
| BENIGN | Harmless & not spreading |
| MALIGNANT | Growth that metasasizes& often recurs after attempts at surgical removal |
| ASSEMETRY, BORDER, COLOR, DIAMETER | Self examination of the ABCD Rule. |
| NONMELANOMA SKIN CANCERS: BASAL CELL & SQUAMOUS CELL | What are the most common skin cancers? |
| EXCISIONAL SURGERY | WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON TREATMENT FOR BASAL CELL CARCINOMA? |
| MALIGNANT MELANOMA | WHAT IS THE MOST DEADLY SKIN CANCER? |
| STAGE 0 | A melanoma stage confined to 1 place in the epidermis that is curable by excision. |
| STAGE 3 | A melanoma stage that has spreaded to regional lymph nodes, it has a decreased survival rate. |
| STAGE 4 | Melanoma stage that has spreaded to other organs & treatment is pallative. |
| PEDICULOSIS | Lice are parasites that may invade the scalp, body, or pubic hair regions. |
| IMPETIGO | Skin lesions associated w/ poor hygienes. |
| BASAL CELL CARCINOMA | A malignant tumor off the skin, believed to arise from a hair follicle.it appears as a nodular pigmented lesion. |
| SCABIES | A lesion associated w/ an infestation that causes severe pruritus by the mite & its feces. |
| CANDIDASIS | Yeast infection |
| TINEA CORPORIS | Ringworm |
| FURUNCLE | Known as a boil, it is a localized bacterial lesion caused by astaphylococcal pathogen.Initially it is a nodule surrounded by redness & swelling. |
| CARBUNCLE | Multiple connecting furuncles that heals very slow. |
| CELLULITIS | Inflammation of SQ tissue. |
| HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS | Recurrent long life viral infection that returns when exabcerated by sunlight, trauma,& stress. Transmissioned by respiratory droplets or saliva & cervical secretions. |
| HERPES ZOSTER | The same virus as chicken pox. ZOSTAVEX vaccine recommended for adults 60 &>. |
| TINEA CRUSIS | Scaly plaque in the groin. AKA "JOCK ITCH" |
| TINEA UNGUIUM | A fungus of the nails. |
| ACNE | Inflammatory disorder of sebaceous glands. |
| DERMATITIS | Inflammmation of the skin marked by redness & itching |
| URTICARIA | HIVES: An allergic phenomen associated w/ redness & swelling lasting up to 24 hrs. |
| SHEARING FORCE | The pressure that is exerted on th eskin when it adheres to the bed & the skin layers slide in the direction of body movement. |
| FRIICTION | 2 surfaces rubbing against each other. |
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