Music 100 midterm
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42 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Semiotics | Study of signs and systems of signs, including in music |
| Ethnocentrism | The assumption that ones own culture is normal and someone elses is strange exotic abnormal |
| Ethnomusicology | The scholary study of any music within it's contemporary cultural context |
| Folklore | Study of orally transmitted folk knowledge and culture |
| Fieldwork | The first hand study of music in it's original context, a technique derived from anthropology |
| Process of field work | 1) preparation 2) fieldwork 3) analysis 4) dissemination |
| Problems with labeling music | 1) asserts a hierarchal value system. Classical be the highest. As if one genre is better than another. |
| Ethnomusicology | Th study of any music within it's contemporary cultural context |
| Resources for the study of the World's Music | 1) Reference works A) Garland Encyclopedia of World Music B) The New Grove Dictionary of Music and And Musicians 2) Video 3) Compact Discs 4) Journals |
| Timber | The tone quality or "color" of a musical sound. (A flat on a violin vs a Piano) |
| Medium | The source of sound, be it instrumental or voice |
| Organology | The study of musical instruments. |
| Sachs-Hornbostel system | Standard classification for musical instruments created by Curt Sachs and Erin M. von Hornbostel. With four primary categories. |
| Four primary categories of the Sachs-Hornbostel system | 1) Aerophones 2) Chordophones 3) Idiophones 4) Membranophones (electrophones have become a fifth category) |
| Aerophones | Produce sound through the DIRECT vibration of air Ex flutes, reeds, and trumpets |
| Chordophones | One or more strings stretched between two points (lutes, zithers,harps,lyres) |
| Fret | A bar or ridge found on chordophones that enables performers to produce different melodic pitches with consistent frequency levels. |
| Idiophone | Instruments that produce sound by the interment itself vibrating. (plucked, struck, and shaken) i.e. Bells, rattles and various other kinds of percussions |
| Membranophones | Vibrating stretched membrane as the principle means of sound production. (Drums) |
| Pitch | A tone's specific frequency level, measured in Hertz frequency level (Hz) |
| Tuning System | All pitches common to a musical tradition Culturally determined |
| Scale | A set of pitches (CDEFGAB) C major scale |
| Interval | The distance between two pitches. (A to B) small interval (A to D) big interval |
| Range | The span of pitches a voice or instrument is capable of producing. |
| Melody | Organized succession of pitches |
| Melodic Contour | The general direction and shape of a melody |
| Drone | A continuous and repeating sound. |
| Ornamentation | Embellishments or decorations that are applied to a melody. |
| Text Setting | The rhythmic relationship of words to melody. |
| Rhythm | The lengths, or durations, of sounds as patterns in time. |
| Beat | Regular pulsation of sound |
| Accent | Emphasized beat |
| Meter | Grouping beats in regular units |
| Rhythmic Density | Quantity of notes between periodic accents |
| Phonic Structure | Relationship between different sounds in a given piece; it can be either monophony or some form of polyphony. |
| Monophony | Music with a single melodic line |
| Polyphony | Juxtaposition or overlapping of multiple lines of music. 3 types: Homophony, independent polyphony, and heterophony. |
| Homophony | Multiple lines of music expressing the same musical idea in the same meter. |
| Independent polyphony | Multiple lines of music expressing independent musical ideas as a cohesive whole. |
| Heterophony | Multiple performers playing simultaneous variations of the same line of music |
| Dynamics | Refers to the relative loudness or softness of a musical sound |
| Form | The overall pattern of a piece of music as it unfolds in time. |
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