Unit 2 Terms
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Created by:
sherlockje on October 24, 2010
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50 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 total fertility rate (TFR) | the average number of children a woman will bear over her lifetime if current birthrates remain the same |
| arithmetic population density | the population of a country divided by its total land area |
| physiological population density | the number of people per unit of area of arable land |
| census | population count |
| megalopolis | a very large urban complex (usually involving several cities and towns) |
| Thomas Mathus | economist; species reproduce geometerically, food suplies reproduce arithmetically |
| Neo-Malthusians | a belief that the world is characterized by scarcity and competition in which too many people fight for few resources. Pessimists who warn of the global ecopolitical dangers of uncontrolled population growth |
| doubling time | the time required for a population to double in size |
| rate of natural increase | Natural growth rate of a population, which is CBR minus CDR expressed as a percentage. |
| crude birth rate (CBR) | the number of live births per 1000 people |
| crude death rate (CDR) | ratio of number of death in a year to every 1000 people. |
| demographic transition model | A sequence of demographic changes in which a country moves from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates through time. |
| infant mortality rate (IMR) | number of infant deaths before age one |
| child mortality rate (CMR) | number of child deaths between ages one and five |
| life expectancy | the number of years, on average, an individual is expected to live |
| expansive population policies | encourages large families because population is aging or dwindling |
| eugenic population policies | favors a single race or group over another |
| restrictive population policies | calls for a reduced birth rate |
| ecumene | the portion of the Earth's surface that is permanently settled by humans |
| carrying capacity | the amount of people a specific region or environment can sustain |
| demographic momentum | this is the tendency for growing population to continue growing after a fertility decline because of their young age distribution. |
| epidemiological transition model | This is a distinctive cause of death in each stage of the demographic transition. This is important because it can explain how a countries population changes so dramatically and more. |
| remittances | money sent home to immigrants' families |
| cyclic movement | movement involving a shorter period of time away from home |
| nomadism | practicers have no declared home and instead travel over familiar routes over long periods of time |
| periodic movement | involves a long period away from home and eventual return |
| migrant labor | foreigners who have traveled to a country for seasonal work |
| transhumance | a system of pastoral farming in which ranchers move livestock according to the season |
| migration | permanent relocation of an individual or group |
| international migration | permanent movement across country borders |
| emigrant | an individual or group who is leaving a country |
| immigrant | an individual or group who is coming into a country |
| internal migration | the movement of a group or individual within a country's borders |
| forced migration | involves the imposition of authority, which produces involuntary movement of people |
| voluntary migration | the movement of people by choice |
| Ravenstein's laws of migration | 1) every migration flow generates return migration 2) the majority of migrants move a short distance 3) migrants who move long distances tend to move to big cities 4) urban residents tend to be less migratory than rural ones 5) families are less likely to make international moves than young adults |
| gravity model | population1 x population2 / the distance between |
| push factors | factors that compel an individual to move away from a place |
| pull factors | factors that persuade an individual to move to a new place |
| step migration | migration streams that appear as long, broken chains of movement |
| intervening opportunity | extra factors that come into play during a migration that diverts the individual from his/her destination |
| chain migration | occurs when an individual moves but keeps in touch with family and friends, encouraging further migration |
| islands of development | places within a region or country which receives the most foreign trade and labor |
| guest workers | a laborer who is working temporarily in a foreign country under a visa |
| refugees | a person who has a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion |
| internal refugees | people who have been displaced within their own country |
| international refugees | refugees displaced outside their homeland's borders |
| asylum | the right to protection in the first country a refugee arrives |
| quotas | in reference to migration, laws that place maximum limits on the number of people who can immigrate to a country each year |
| selective immigration | process to control immigration in which individuals with certain backgrounds are barred from immigrating |
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