IB Chemistry: Medicine and Drugs
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32 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Addiction | Problem with opiates, in which a dependency on a drug is created |
| Adrenaline | A naturally occuring hormone and stimulant released during stress |
| Body's response to adrenaline | increased pulse, dilation of pupils, sweating, diversion of blood to muscles, increased blood clotting time |
| properties of Adrenaline | Fat insoluble, based on the framework of the benzene ring with two carbon chain and an amine group at the end |
| AIDS | Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. develops from HIV |
| Alginates | Often combined with antacids. Prevents acid in stomach from rising in to the esophagus and causing 'heart burn' |
| Primary Amine | one R group attached to N atom |
| Secondary amine | two R groups on at least one N atom |
| Tertiary amine | three R groups on at least one N atom |
| Amphetamine | Fat soluble molecule which mimics noradrenaline. Similarity is so strong that it can replace noradrenaline in its storage sites, resulting in a flood of displaced noradrenaline molecules that bind to the other neural proteins |
| Analgesic | A drug whish relives pain without resulting in a loss of consciousness. either mild or strong |
| Antacids | Bases that neutralize excess acid |
| Broad Spectrum Antibiotics | are effective against a wide range of basteria |
| Narrow spectrum antibiotics | effective only against certain types of basteria |
| Anti-coagulant | has blood thinning properties |
| Antivirals (trojan horse) | joins the replication process inhibiting replication of the virus, selectively toxic as it is activated by viral enzyme |
| Anitvirals (retrovirus inhibitor) | inhibits RNA from acting as a template for DNA replication) |
| Anitvirals (blunting) | preventing escape of new viruses by inhibiting neuraminidase enzyme which cuts open cell membrane |
| Aspirin | derived from salicylic acid. the phenol group is substituted with an acetyl group, but is still acidic due to its alkanoic acid group. Has anti-coagulant properties, but there can be allergic reactions to it. can induce Reye's Syndrome in children |
| Reye's Syndrome | potentially fatal liver and brain disorder |
| Bacteria | slightly different structures to mammalian cells: have a cell wall. Penicillin prevents this wal from being made, the internal pressures within the cell builds up and causes it to burst |
| Benzodiazepenes | class of depressants including valium, prozac and magodan |
| properties of Benzodiazapenes | work on chemical receptors in the brain by binding to a special protien at the synapse of nerve junctions, causing the gap between nerves to widen and preventing the nerve cell from producing a signal |
| Blood-brian barrier | can only be passed by fat soluble molecules |
| Properties of Caffine | promote mild dependence, act as a mild diuretic, increase anxiety, cause insomnia. |
| caffine | tertiary amine. known as a respiratory stimulant, as it increase rate of respiration, by blocking inhibition of ATP, through mimicking the shape of ATP and causing the inhibiting enzyme to bind to it instead |
| cephalosporins | variants of penicilin created to overcome the action of penicillinases |
| CNS | central nervous system |
| Codeine | derived from morphine by replacing H in one of alcohol groups with methyl group |
| Depressant | Drugs which depress CNS by interfering with transmission of nerve tranquilising the impulses in the nerons. Effects depend on dosage |
| Designer drugs | modifications to the structure of natural drugs |
| dimethicone | anti-foaming agent often used with antacids. Allows gas bubbles to coalesce and be expelled |
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