Bio1 Chapter 8
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Created by:
scottmatthews on October 24, 2010
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34 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 energy | capacity to do work |
| potential energy | stored energy |
| kinetic energy | the energy of movement |
| metabolism | all chem rxns in an organism |
| anabolic rxns | formation of complex molecules from simple ones and energy is required. Synthetic |
| catabolic rxns | coomplex molecules broken down into simple ones and energy in released. Degradative |
| 1st law of thermodynamics | total energy before and after conversion is the same |
| 2nd law of therodynamics | when energy is converted to a new form, come of that energy is unavailable for work. no transformation is 100% efficient |
| entropy | measure of disorder in a system |
| total energy equation | total energy (enthalpy, H) = usable energy (free energy, G) + unusable energy (entropy, S) H = G + TS (T= abs. temp.) |
| change in free energy | CHANGE IN H - T CHANGE IN S |
| when Change in G is negative | free energy is released |
| when change in G is positive | free energy is consumed |
| large changes in S make change in G more negative | ... |
| exergonic rxns | release free energy |
| endergonic rxns | consume free energy |
| ATP | nucleotidem when hydrolyzed yields large amounts of free energy |
| bioluminescence | an endergonic rxn riven by ATP hydrolysis |
| thermodynamics | how far and in which direction a rxn will proceed |
| kinetics | how fast a rxn occurs |
| activation energy | energy required to start a rxn |
| transition state intermediates | activation changes the reactants into usable forms with higher free energy |
| substrates | specific reactants to enzymes and ribozymes |
| enzyme-substrate complex | enzyme may change (induced fit) when bound to substrate then returns to original form. held together by hydrogen, electrical attraction or covalent bonding |
| prosthetic groups | non-amino acid compounds bound to substrates |
| cofactors | inorganic ions |
| coenzymes | actually substrates that contain small carbons |
| the rate of catalyzed rxn depends on | substrate concentration |
| enzyme efficiency | molecules of substrate converted to product/time |
| irreversible inhibition | inhibitor covalently binds to side chains of active site |
| reversible inhibition | inhibitor binds noncovalently to active site |
| competitive inhibitors | compete with natural substrate for binding sites |
| allosteric regulation | an effector molecule binds to regulatory subunit inducing enzyme shape change |
| feedback inhibition | final product acts as allosteric inhibitor |
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