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social deviance any transgression of social established norms informal deviance informal violations of social norms formal deviance/crime violation of laws enacted by society variation by society premartial sex in Puritan Functionalist approach to deviance and social control (Durkheim's idea that society is a complex organism) brain: state makes laws based on morality state develops from social need to have decision made to organize and direct social life social cohesion social bonds; how well people relate to each other and get along on a day to day basis mechanical/segmental solidarity social cohesion based on sameness (premodern society) example of mechanical/segmental solidarity machinery with bad nuts and bolts, form of earthworm (ex: farmers in premodern society) organic solidarity social cohesion based on difference and interdependence of different parts (modern society) example of organic solidarity specialization of Industrial revolution makes less commonness and more interdependence collective conscience common faith/set of social norms by which society and members abide; set of common assumptions by which society works correlation between premodern society and punishment medieval times: collective vengeance: public torture/ no interest in criminal, just the action he commmitted correlation between organic solidarity and punishment focus on individual's circumstances: idea of "fixing" a person rehabilitative sanction form of punishment designed to transform offender into productive member of society restitutive sanction form of punishment that attempts to restore status quo that existed prior to offense/event example of restitutive sanction giving money in award to someone's death Arguement of the evolution of punishmet as the history/division of labor developed, it became more modern in its sanction social control mechanics that create normative compliance normative compliance abiding by society's norms or following rules of group life formal sanction mechanisms of social control by which rules/laws prohibit deviant criminal behavior informal sanctions usually unexpressed but widely known rules of group membership that the unspoken rules of societal life normative theory of suicide deviant act of suicide may be more than personal: social norms of particular social groups generate variations in group suicide rates social integration how well integrated into social group/community social regulation number of rules guiding daily life and what you can reasonably expect from the world on a day to day basis egoistic suicide suicde when not well integrated into social group example of egoistic suicide Protestant = indivudalism vs. church non-religious vs. religous low rates for minorities: Jews and African Americans (exception: Native Americans) altruistic suicide after too much social integration there is no meaning to the self example of altruistic suicide hara-Kiri (japanese samurai) Hindu widows perform sutee tsati former officers of service who had lots of responsibility anomie suicide too little social regulation example of anomie suicide waking up to get to the bus on time but aren't sure if it will really be there anomie without norms; sense of aimlessness/despair that rarises when we can no longer resonably expect life to be pridcatable; to little social regulation example of anomie suicide stock market 1929, winning lottery fatalistic suicide too much social regulation example of fatalistic suicide slaves or prisoners Strain Theory (Merton, 1938) doesn't give equal ability to each achieve socially acceptable goals ("means ends theory") deviant fails to reecognize or accept socially appropriate goals/means conformist individual accepts both goals/strategies to achieve them that are socially acceptable conformity of college idea that we'll have jobs afterwards ritualist individual who rejects socially defined goals in order to live with own means college example of ritualist just to get by, not because of the American Dream innovator social deviant who acccepts socially acceptable goals but rejects socially acceptable means to get them example of an innovator mafia/drugs to obtain a great life retreatists rejects both socially acceptable goals/means by completely retreating from, not participating in society rebel rejects both but wants to destroy or alter social insitution from which alienated example of a rebel unabomber: erosion of freedom to technology smbolic interactionism (Blumer) microlevel theory which shared meanings, assumptions form basic motivations behind people's interactions labeling theory belief that indivudals unconsciously notice how others see/label them, reaction to labels forms basis of self ID labeling theory example society constructs the idea of deviance and what it is labeling thoery of drugs "Fun" feeling (Same for alcohol) primary deviance first act of rule breaking that may incur label of deviant and thus influence how people think about and act toward you secondary deviance subsequent acts of rule breaking that occur after primary deviance and as a a result of deviance label and people's expectations of you labeling of schizophrenia when they acted normal it was schizophrenia in remission labeling of depression passing phase till people begin treating you different stigma negative social label that not only changes behavior toward person but also alters person's own self-concept and social identity example of racial stigma blacks don't get jobs to whites/whites with criminal record Stanford prison expeiment & ABu Gharib prisoners and guards Lucifer effect bad things based on surroundings and expectations Broken Windows Theory of Deviance theory explaining how social context and socuial cues of disorder impact deviant act/local acts as normal the car in the good neighborhood not harmed in good neighborhood. harmed in bad neighborhood. once disheveled, ruined in good and bad neighborhood Broken Windows Theory of Deviance: Grafitti graffiti encourages vandalism -> zero toelerance to petty crimes