Y CH#6: Deviance and Social Control
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raymondlovesquizzes on October 25, 2010
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Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 social deviance | any transgression of social established norms |
| informal deviance | informal violations of social norms |
| formal deviance/crime | violation of laws enacted by society |
| variation by society | premartial sex in Puritan |
| Functionalist approach to deviance and social control | (Durkheim's idea that society is a complex organism) brain: state makes laws based on morality state develops from social need to have decision made to organize and direct social life |
| social cohesion | social bonds; how well people relate to each other and get along on a day to day basis |
| mechanical/segmental solidarity | social cohesion based on sameness (premodern society) |
| example of mechanical/segmental solidarity | machinery with bad nuts and bolts, form of earthworm (ex: farmers in premodern society) |
| organic solidarity | social cohesion based on difference and interdependence of different parts (modern society) |
| example of organic solidarity | specialization of Industrial revolution makes less commonness and more interdependence |
| collective conscience | common faith/set of social norms by which society and members abide; set of common assumptions by which society works |
| correlation between premodern society and punishment | medieval times: collective vengeance: public torture/ no interest in criminal, just the action he commmitted |
| correlation between organic solidarity and punishment | focus on individual's circumstances: idea of "fixing" a person |
| rehabilitative sanction | form of punishment designed to transform offender into productive member of society |
| restitutive sanction | form of punishment that attempts to restore status quo that existed prior to offense/event |
| example of restitutive sanction | giving money in award to someone's death |
| Arguement of the evolution of punishmet | as the history/division of labor developed, it became more modern in its sanction |
| social control | mechanics that create normative compliance |
| normative compliance | abiding by society's norms or following rules of group life |
| formal sanction | mechanisms of social control by which rules/laws prohibit deviant criminal behavior |
| informal sanctions | usually unexpressed but widely known rules of group membership that the unspoken rules of societal life |
| normative theory of suicide | deviant act of suicide may be more than personal: social norms of particular social groups generate variations in group suicide rates |
| social integration | how well integrated into social group/community |
| social regulation | number of rules guiding daily life and what you can reasonably expect from the world on a day to day basis |
| egoistic suicide | suicde when not well integrated into social group |
| example of egoistic suicide | Protestant = indivudalism vs. church non-religious vs. religous low rates for minorities: Jews and African Americans (exception: Native Americans) |
| altruistic suicide | after too much social integration there is no meaning to the self |
| example of altruistic suicide | hara-Kiri (japanese samurai) Hindu widows perform sutee tsati former officers of service who had lots of responsibility |
| anomie suicide | too little social regulation |
| example of anomie suicide | waking up to get to the bus on time but aren't sure if it will really be there |
| anomie | without norms; sense of aimlessness/despair that rarises when we can no longer resonably expect life to be pridcatable; to little social regulation |
| example of anomie suicide | stock market 1929, winning lottery |
| fatalistic suicide | too much social regulation |
| example of fatalistic suicide | slaves or prisoners |
| Strain Theory | (Merton, 1938) doesn't give equal ability to each achieve socially acceptable goals ("means ends theory") |
| deviant | fails to reecognize or accept socially appropriate goals/means |
| conformist | individual accepts both goals/strategies to achieve them that are socially acceptable |
| conformity of college | idea that we'll have jobs afterwards |
| ritualist | individual who rejects socially defined goals in order to live with own means |
| college example of ritualist | just to get by, not because of the American Dream |
| innovator | social deviant who acccepts socially acceptable goals but rejects socially acceptable means to get them |
| example of an innovator | mafia/drugs to obtain a great life |
| retreatists | rejects both socially acceptable goals/means by completely retreating from, not participating in society |
| rebel | rejects both but wants to destroy or alter social insitution from which alienated |
| example of a rebel | unabomber: erosion of freedom to technology |
| smbolic interactionism | (Blumer) microlevel theory which shared meanings, assumptions form basic motivations behind people's interactions |
| labeling theory | belief that indivudals unconsciously notice how others see/label them, reaction to labels forms basis of self ID |
| labeling theory example | society constructs the idea of deviance and what it is |
| labeling thoery of drugs | "Fun" feeling (Same for alcohol) |
| primary deviance | first act of rule breaking that may incur label of deviant and thus influence how people think about and act toward you |
| secondary deviance | subsequent acts of rule breaking that occur after primary deviance and as a a result of deviance label and people's expectations of you |
| labeling of schizophrenia | when they acted normal it was schizophrenia in remission |
| labeling of depression | passing phase till people begin treating you different |
| stigma | negative social label that not only changes behavior toward person but also alters person's own self-concept and social identity |
| example of racial stigma | blacks don't get jobs to whites/whites with criminal record |
| Stanford prison expeiment & ABu Gharib | prisoners and guards |
| Lucifer effect | bad things based on surroundings and expectations |
| Broken Windows Theory of Deviance | theory explaining how social context and socuial cues of disorder impact deviant act/local acts as normal |
| the car in the good neighborhood | not harmed in good neighborhood. harmed in bad neighborhood. once disheveled, ruined in good and bad neighborhood |
| Broken Windows Theory of Deviance: Grafitti | graffiti encourages vandalism -> zero toelerance to petty crimes |
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