Forensic Science Chapter 4 5
About this set
Created by:
LettsStudy on October 25, 2010
Subjects:
physical properties, organic analysis
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
49 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 physical property | The behavior of a substance without alteration of the substance's composition through a chemical reaction. |
| chemical property | The behavior of a substance when it reacts or combines with another substance |
| Fahrenheit scale | The temperature scale using the melting point of ice as 32° and the boiling point of water as 212°, with 180 equal divisions or degrees between |
| Celsius scale | The temperature scale using the melting point of ice as 0° and the boiling point of water as 100°, with 100 equal divisions or degrees between |
| weight | A property of matter that depends on both the mass of a substance and the effects of gravity on that mass |
| mass | A constant property of matter that reflects the amount of material present |
| density | A physical property of matter that is equivalent to the mass per unit volume of a substance |
| intensive property | A property that is not dependent on the size of an object |
| refraction | The bending of a light wave as it passes from one medium to another |
| refractive index | The ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to its speed in a given substance |
| crystalline solid | A solid in which the constituent atoms have a regular arrangement |
| atom | The smallest unit of an element, which is not divisible by ordinary chemical means; atoms are made up of electrons, protons, and neutrons plus other subatomic particles |
| amorphous solid | A solid in which the constituent atoms or molecules are arranged in random or disordered positions; there is no regular order in amorphous solids |
| birefringence | A difference in the two indices of refraction exhibited by most crystalline materials |
| dispersion | The separation of light into its component wavelengths |
| tempered glass | Glass that is strengthened by introducing stress through rapid heating and cooling of the glass surfaces |
| laminated glass | Two sheets of ordinary glass bonded together with a plastic film |
| Becke line | A bright halo that is observed near the border of a particle immersed in a liquid of a different refractive index |
| radial fracture | A crack in a glass that extends outward like the spoke of a wheel from the point at which the glass was struck |
| concentric fracture | A crack in a glass that forms a rough circle around the point of impact |
| mineral | A naturally occurring crystalline solid |
| matter | All things of substance; matter is composed of atoms or molecules |
| element | A fundamental particle of matter; an element cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means |
| Periodic table | A chart of elements arranged in a systematic fashion; vertical rows are called groups or families, and horizontal rows are called series; elements in a given row have similar properties |
| compound | A pure substance composed of two or more elements |
| physical state | A condition or stage in the form of matter; a solid, liquid, or gas |
| solid | A state of matter in which the molecules are held closely together in a rigid state |
| liquid | A state of matter in which molecules are in contact with one another but are not rigidly held in place |
| gas ( vapor) | A state of matter in which the attractive forces between molecules are small enough to permit them to move with complete freedom |
| phase | A uniform body of matter; different phases are separated by definite visible boundaries |
| organic | Describes a substance composed of carbon and often smaller amounts of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, phosphorus, or other elements |
| inorganic | Describes a chemical compound not based on carbon |
| spectrophotometry | An analytical method for identifying a substance by its selective absorption of different wavelengths of light |
| chromatography | Any of several analytical techniques for separating organic mixtures into their components by attraction to a stationary phase while being propelled by a moving phase |
| prolysis | The decomposition of organic matter by heat |
| fluoresce | To emit visible light when exposed to light of a shorter wavelength— that is, ultraviolet light |
| electrophoresis A | technique for separating molecules through migration on a support medium while under the influence of an electrical potential |
| visible light | Colored light ranging from red to violet in the electromagnetic spectrum |
| wavelength | The distance between crests of adjacent waves |
| frequency | The number of waves that pass a given point per second |
| electromagnetic spectrum | The entire range of radiation energy from the most energetic cosmic rays to the least energetic radio waves |
| X- ray | A high- energy, short- wavelength form of electromagnetic radiation |
| laser | An acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation; light that has all its waves pulsating in unison |
| photon | A small packet of electromagnetic radiation energy; each photon contains a unit of energy equal to the product of Planck's constant and the frequency of radiation: E hf |
| monochromator | A device for isolating individual wavelengths or frequencies of light |
| monochromatic light | Light having a single wavelength or frequency |
| ultraviolet | Invisible long frequencies of light beyond violet in the visible spectrum |
| infrared | Invisible short frequencies of light before red in the visible spectrum |
| ion | An atom or molecule bearing a positive or negative charge |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.