Unit 3 Test
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Created by:
Danzr4Evr96 on October 25, 2010
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61 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Indo-Europeans | a group of nomadic peoples who may have come from the steppes |
| Steppes | Dry grasslands that stretched north of the Caucasus mountains between the Black and Caspian seas |
| What did the Indo-Europeans mainly do? | herded cattle, sheep, and goats. Also tamed horses and rode into battle in light, two-wheeled chariots |
| How did the Indo-Europeans live? | in tribes that spoke forms of language that we call Indo-European |
| Which 4 languages trace their origins back to different forms of the original Indo-European language? | English, Spanish, Persian, and Hindi |
| Where did Slavic speakers settle? | north and west |
| Where did early Celtic, Germanic, and Italic language speakers settle? | west through Europe |
| Where did speakers of Greek and Persian settle? | south |
| Where did the Aryans settle? | located in India |
| How did Indo-Europeans migrate? | in waves |
| What were the origins of Hinduism? | Can't be traced back to one founder with a single set of ideas |
| What were the beliefs of Hinduism? | - Saw religion as a way of liberating the soul from the illusions, disappointments, and mistakes of everyday living - Reincarnation -Karma |
| What was the goal of Hinduism? | to achieve Moksha |
| Atman & Brahman = ...... | perfect understanding |
| How did Hinduism affect society? | - The idea's of karma and reincarnation strengthened the caste system - the belief's of hinduism and its caste system dominated every aspect of a person's life - reinforced the caste system |
| Hindu texts? | - Vedic hymns - Upanishads |
| What is Brahma? | the creator |
| What is Vishnu? | the protector |
| What is Shiva? | the destroyer |
| What is Devi? | a great mother goddess |
| Who was sometimes seen as having the personalities of 3 gods? | Brahman |
| Who is Brahman? | The world soul |
| Which personalities did Vishnu take on? | Krishna, the cowherder and Rama, the perfect king. |
| What were the origins of Jainism? | Mahavira was the founder of Jainism |
| What were the beliefs of Jainism? | Everything in the universe has a soul and so should not be harmed - Nonviolence |
| How did Jainism affect society? | - It created a tradition of working in trade and commerce - one of the wealthies communites of India |
| Jainism Texts? | Doctrine of non-violence made by Jain monks |
| What were the origins of Buddhism? | Siddhartha Gautama was Buddha |
| What were the beliefs of Buddhism/ | - Four Noble Truths - The Eightfold Path - Nirvana = the release from selfishness and pain - Reincarnation |
| How did Buddhism affect society? | - Many first followers included laborers and craftspeople because of the rejection of the caste system - Monks and nuns vowed to live a life of poverty |
| Buddhism texts? | - Dharma - Jatakas |
| How do you reach Nirvana? | By understanding the 4 Noble Truths and following the Eightfold Path |
| First Noble Truth | Life is filled with suffering and sorrow |
| Second Noble Truth | The cause of all suffering is people's selfish desire for the temporary pleasures of this world |
| Third Noble Truth | The way to end all suffering is to end all desires |
| Fourth Noble Truth | The way to overcome such desires and attian enlightenment is to follow the Eightfold Path, which is called the Middle Way between desires and self-denial |
| Eightfold Path | 1. Right Views 2. Resolve 3. Speech 4. Conduct 5. Livelihood 6. Effort 7. Mindfulness 8. Concentration |
| Who was leader of the Mauryan empire? | Chandragupta Mauryan |
| When did he take throne? | 321 B.C. |
| What important thing does the Mauryan empire achieve? | It unites North India for the first time |
| What does the huge army mean? | It's very expensive and therefore the taxes are raised |
| Who are the Hittities? | a group of Indo-European speakers that occupied Anatolia |
| What is Anatolia/ | a huge peninsula in modern-day Turkey that juts out into the Black and Mediterranean seas. |
| How did the Hittites and Egyptians ened their conflicts over control of northern syria? | they signed a peace treaty that pledged each other to help the other fight off future invaders. |
| What did the Hittites excel at? | the technology of war |
| Why were the Hittites able to work with iron easily? | the raw materials they needed were easily available to them in the mountains of Anatolia. |
| What was the capital of the Hittite empire? | the city of Hattusas |
| Where did the Aryans originate from? | There is no archaeological evidence to prove either hypothesis. |
| What was the Aryans' sacred literature? | the Vedas |
| What did the Vedas do? | it left a picture of Aryan life |
| What is the Vedas? | four collections of prayers, magical spells, and instructions for performing rituals. |
| Who were the Aryans' enemies? | the dasas |
| How were they different? | Aryans were taller, lighter in skin color, and spoke a different language. |
| How was the Aryan way of life? | -hadn't developed a writing system -pastoral people -counted their wealth in cows |
| How was the dasas way of life? | they were town dwellers who lived in communities protected by walls |
| How were the Aryans organized? | in four groups based on occupation |
| What were the four groups that the Aryans were organized in? | 1. Brahmins (priests) 2. warriors 3. traders and landowners 4. peasants or traders |
| What were shudras? | laborers that did work that Aryans didn't want to do. |
| Why were the four major groups of the Aryans known as the Varnas? | because varna means skin color which was a distinguishing feature of this system. |
| What did the caste membership determine? | the work they did, whom they could marry, and the people with whom they could eat. |
| Untouchables | those considered the most impure because of their work and lived outside the caste structure. |
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