| Term | Definition |
|---|
| heat | During every energy transfer or transformation, some evergy is unusable, and is often lost as ____ |
| second | Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy (disorder) of the universe. This is the _____ law of thermodynamics |
| free energy | organized energy is called ____ (G) |
| spontaneous | ____ processes occur without energy input, they can happen quickly or slowely |
| entropy | For a process to occur without energy input, it must increase the ____ |
| cells | ____ create ordered structures form less ordered materials |
| less | organisms also replace oredered forms of matter and energy with ___ ordered forms |
| heat | Energy flows into an ecosystem in the form of light and exits in the form of ___ |
| decrease, increases | entropy may ____ in an organism, but the universes total entropy ____ |
| second law of thermodynamics | The evolution of more complex organisms does not violate the _______ |
| specific chemical | cell life depends on ___ ___ reactions |
| free energy | What is triangle G |
| free energy | Energy that can do work when temperature and pressure are uniform, as in a living cell |
| spontaneous | Processes with a negative G are |
| exergonic | a spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy |
| endergonic | A nonspontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from its surroundings |
| spontaneous | During a ____ change, free energy decreases and the stablilty of a system increases |
| gravitational motion | objects move spontaneously form a higher altitude to a lower one |
| diffuse | molecules in a drop of dye ___ until they are randomly dispersed |
| chemical reaction | In a cell, a sugar molecule is broken down into simpler molecules |
| non spontaneous | If G is positive, it is _____ |
| endergonic | when a reaction is non spontaneous, it is also |
| spontaneous, exergonic | breaking molecules by hydrolysis makes it ____ and ____ |
| non spontaneous, endergonic | forming molecules together by dehydration makes it ___ and _____ |
| endergonic | When energy is required it is endergonic or exergonic |
| exergonic | When energy is released it is endergonic or exergonic |
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