Bacterial Cell Structure
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Created by:
naterheault on October 25, 2010
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37 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Bacterial Ribosome | 70s Target for antibacterial drugs |
| Mycoplasma pneumoniae | walking pneumonia does not have a cell wall |
| Gram (-) | Thin murein layer, PINK NO teichoic acid Outer membrane (lipopolysaccharide) periplasm present low susceptibility to pencilllin and lysozyme transmembrane proteins and porinsl |
| Gram (+) | Thick murein (peptidoglycan) layer, PURPLE Teichoic and lipoteichoic acid present NO outer membrane NO periplasm High susceptibility to penicillin and lysozyme |
| lipopolisaccharide | gram (-) specific called endotoxin, stimulates immune response LipidA: phos. disacc. and fatty acid, toxic part Core: carb residues O antigen: major surface antigen |
| Staphylococcus aureus | gram (+) pathogen B-hemolytic on blood agar fermentates mannitol skin infection, endocarditis, pneumonia, food poisoning |
| Escherichia coli | gram (-) pathogen UTIs, meningitis (neonates), GI tract infections |
| Treponema pallidum | Syphilis spirochete too thin to be seen on gram stain |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Tuberculosis Mycobacterium waxy cell wall can't been seen on gram stain |
| Mycobacterium cell wall | waxy, hydrophobic major determinant of virulence responsible for acid fastness and slow growth resistance to dying and chemical disinfectants, common antibiotics, osmotic lysis via complement deposition, lethal oxidations -> survival inside of macrophages sensitive to hear and UV light |
| acid fast staining | this is required to allow stain to get through the waxy, mycolic acid-containing cell walls of the Mycobacteria., tests for tuberculosis - will turn red if positive |
| Haemophilus influenzae | Gram (-) coccobacillus Meningitis, epiglottitis, otitis media, pneumoniae |
| Vibrio cholerae | Gram (-) vibrio cholera |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | Gram (+) cocci in chains pneumonia, otitis media, meningitis |
| Flagella Apparatus | rotating helical protein structures Basal body: Gram (-) 4 rings. Gram (+) 2 rings Hook Filament (flagelin) |
| Borrelia burgdorferi | Gram (-) spirochete Lyme disease motility from movements of endoflagellar filaments |
| Spore/Endospores | non-metabolizing & non-reproducing state produced when starved return to growing state (vegetative form) when nutrients/water available -> germination Only gram (+) |
| Bacillus anthracis | Gram (+) spore forming Anthrax |
| Clostridium tetani | Gram (+) spore forming pathogen Tetanus |
| Family | a group of related genera |
| genus | a group of related species |
| species | a group of related strains |
| type | sets of strain within a species |
| strain | one line or a single isolate of a particular species |
| group translocation | chemical conversion of transported molecule e.g. phosphotransferase sytems |
| aerobic respiration | O2 final electron acceptor involves glycolysis, etc, and TCA 38 atp |
| anaerobic respiration | inorganic molecule is final electron acceptor Involves glycolysis, TCA, ETC 36 ATP Ex. sulfate reductase, nitrate reductase |
| Fermentation | In the cytosol Absence of O2 organic molecules uses as electon acceptors 2 ATP |
| Obligate aerobes | require O2 to grwo catalase (+) and superoxide dismutase (+) aerobic respiration no fermentation |
| Clostridium perfringens | Gas gangrene Gram (+) obligate anaerobe do NOT grow in presence of O2 catalase (-) and superoxide dismutase (-) anaerobic respiration or fermentation |
| Lac operon conditions | Glucose Present, no lactose - no transcription Glucose and Lactose present - low cAMP, catabolite factor cant bind, no transcription No glucose or lactose - high cAMP, RNA poly can bind to promotor but repressor is also bound and prevents transcription No glucose, lactose present - transcription occurs |
| transduction | transfer of genetic information from one bacterium to another by a bacteriophage specialized - prophage integration at specific sites of bacterial chromosome |
| transformation | bacterial gene transfer transfer of naked DNA from environment e.g. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae |
| Conjugation | bacterial gene transfer through the sex pilus |
| lysogenic pathway | life cycle of bacteriophage viral integration into chromosome |
| virulent pathway | life cycle of bacteriophage cell lysis releases many bacteriophage particles |
| prophage | repressed temperate phage DNA inserted into the bacterial chromosome DNA encodes fro a repressor protein |
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