| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Crypts of Lieberkuhn | Glands found in the epithelial lining of the small intestine and colon that secrete intestinal juice |
| Brunners glands | Glands located in the duodenum that secrete alkaline mucus to assist in the neutralization of acid in the chyme |
| Panath cells | Secretes lysozyme, a bacterial enzyme that is capable of phagocytosis |
| Goblet cells | Simple columnar cells in the epithelium of the small intestine that secretes mucus |
| Villi | Fingerlike projections of the mucosa that increases the surface area of the epithelium for absorption and digestion |
| Microvilli | Projections of the apical (free) membrane of the absorptive cells, increasing the surface area of the plasma membrane; more capacity for digested nutrients to diffuse into absorptive cells |
| Osmosis | Mode of absorption for water in the small intestine |
| Electrolytes | Ions that are seperated from water to be absorbed by modes such as active transport and diffusion |
| Large intestine | Terminal portion of the GI tract that marks the completion of absorption, the production of certain vitamins, and the formation and expulsion of feces from the body; about 5 ft long |
| Mesocolon | A double layer of peritoneum which attaches the large intestine to the posterior abdominal wall |
| Ileocecal sphincter | A fold of mucous membrane that guards or allows passage of materials between the small and large intestine |
| Haustra | Small pouches caused by sacculation, which give the colon its segmented appearance |
| Cecum | A small pouch that hangs inferior to the ileocecal sphincter |
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