Chapter 4 vocab - 10/26/10
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Created by:
latishashields on October 26, 2010
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21 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 heredity | The passing of traits from parents to offspring |
| trait | A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes |
| genetics | The scientific study of heredity |
| fertilization | The joining of a sperm and an egg |
| purebred | The offspring of many generations that have the same traits |
| gene | The set of information that controls a trait; a segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait |
| alleles | The different forms of a gene |
| dominant allele | An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present |
| recessive allele | An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present |
| hybrid | An organism that has two different alleles for a trait; an organism that is heterozygous for a particular trait |
| probability | A number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur |
| Punnett square | A chart that shows all of the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross |
| phenotype | an organism's physical appearance, or visible traits |
| genotype | An organism's genetic make up, or allele combinations |
| homozygous | having two identical alleles for a trait |
| heterozygous | having two different alleles for a trait |
| codominance | a condition in which neither of two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive |
| meiosis | the process that occurs in the formation of sex cells (sperm and egg) by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half. |
| messenger RNA | RNA that copies the coded message from DNA in the nucleus and carries the message into the cytoplasm |
| transfer RNA | RNA in the cytoplasm that carries an amino acid to the ribosome and adds it to the growing protein chain |
| mutation | a change in a gene or chromosome |
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