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mausoleum a monumental building used as a tomb pagoda a Buddhist tower with several winged eaves; derived from the Indian stupa; its function is largely to house sacred objects stupa a bell-shaped religious monument containing sacred relics bay construction a unit of space defined by architectural elements such as columns, piers, or walls bracketing the rounding off of the corners where a serif connects to a stem iconography the pictorial representation of a subject calligraphy hand-lettering, handwriting, or the decorative art of lettering in an ornamental style using brushes or pens bodhisattva one who has attained enlightenment, but chooses to remain among humankind to help others achieve it fang ding a square or rectangular bronze vessel with four legs; used for ritual offerings during the Shang dynasty cong a square or octagonal jade tube with a cylindrical hole in the center; a symbol of the earth, it was used for ritual worship and astronomical observations in ancient China piece mold casting a mold made in interlocking sections which can be used in making several casts since the mold is easily removed each time without being damaged taotie a mask with a dragon or animal-like face common as a decorative motif in Chinese art