| Term | Definition |
| adjucts always optional? | yes |
| arugments optional? | sometimes |
| If a phrase is obligatory... | it is always an argument. |
| If a phrase is optional... | it is either an argument or adjunct. |
| Complements and specifiers are.. | arguments. |
| All other types of phrases aside from complements and specifiers are... | adjuncts. |
| type 1 adjunct | occurs after the specifier and before the head of a phrase (younger in "John's younger sister") |
| type 2 adjunct | occurs after the complement (yesterday in "ate a sandwich yesterday") |