AP Euro Ch 13-14 Vocab
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44 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Oligarchy | Political system in which the power is held by a few people. |
| Humanism | Philosophy key to the Renaissance that the primary value and importance is humanity. |
| Individualism | Philosophy that stresses the moral worth of the individual, promoted through self-reliance and independence. |
| Secularism | Belief that government and other entities should be separate from religion. |
| Popolo | The "Plaza del ____", meaning "People's Plaza", is a large open plaza in Rome, Italy. |
| City states | A political body consisting of a city and the surrounding territory governed by it. |
| Nationalism | The sense of identification with the nation one belongs to. |
| Reconquista | The recapturing of the Iberian Peninsula by the Christians in 1492. |
| De Medici | Powerful banking family in Florence, Italy, that gained power in the late 14th and 15th centuries. |
| Quattrocento | The cultural and artistic events of the 15th century in Italy. |
| The Prince | Book by Italian political theorist Machiavelli, published in 1532, which greatly influenced Western politics. |
| Gutenberg | Inventor the the movable type printing press. |
| Da Vinci | Regarded as the embodiment of the "Renaissance Man", he was a famed painter, sculptor, architect, scientist, mathematician, inventor, botanist, and writer. |
| Michelangelo | Famed Renaissance painter, sculptor, and architect, some of his most famous works include the David and the Sistine Chapel. |
| Raphael | Famous Renaissance painter who painted the School of Athens. |
| El Greco | Famous Iberian Renaissance painter who painted the View of Toledo. |
| Thomas Moore | English writer/philosopher who wrote Utopia. |
| Ferdinand & Isabella | Their marriage united the crowns of Aragon and Castile, and together they completed the Reconquista. |
| Erasmus | Dutch humanist and Catholic priest, he is known as the "Prince of Humanists", and wrote The Praise of Folly. |
| Petrarch | Called the "Father of Humanism", he was an Italian poet who popularized the sonnet. |
| Pluralism | Clerics holding several offices simultaneously but only seldom visiting them while collecting revenues from all of them. |
| Indulgence | The sale of forgiveness from sins by the Catholic Church. |
| Simony | The selling of Church offices. |
| Transubstantiation | Roman Catholic doctrine that the bread and the wine changes into the body and blood of Christ. |
| Consubstantiation | Protestant doctrine that the bread and the win metaphorically transform into the body and blood of Christ. |
| Predestination | Belief that, on birth, one's final fate was already decided. |
| Diet of Worms | 1521, meeting over Luther. |
| Counter-Reformation | Period of Catholic revival in response to the Protestant Reformation. |
| Council of Trent | Council convened by the Catholic Church to decide what to do about the Protestant Reformation. |
| Papal Bull | Pope issued decree that Luther retract 41 of his 95 thesis. |
| Holy Roman Empire | Empire containing much of central Europe, Germany, and Austria. |
| Holy Office | Final court of appeals in cases of heresy and important part of the Counter-Reformation movement. |
| Charles V | Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and Spain from 1519 to 1556. |
| Luther | Nailed his 95 Thesis to a church door in northern Germany, he started the Protestant Reformation. |
| Calvin | Founded another Protestant movement in mainly Switzerland, believed in predestination. |
| Zwingli | A leader of the reformation in Switzerland, he greatly influenced the Protestant thinkers. |
| Baroque | European artistic style that was popular from the late 16th to early 18th centuries in Europe. |
| Anabaptists | Radical reformers of the Church, they didn't believe in baptizing babies and were greatly persecuted by Catholics and Protestants. |
| Henry VIII | King of England from 1509 to 1547, had 6 wives. Second monarch in the House of Tudor. |
| Supremacy Act | Declared Henry VIII the only head of the Church of England. |
| Anglican Church | Also known as the Church of England, it is headed by the English monarch and is very similar to Catholicism in practice. |
| Elizabethan Settlement | Re-established the Anglican Church's independence from the Roman Catholic church, reaffirmed Queen Elizabeth as its head, and set out the path the Church would take. |
| Book of Common Prayer | Common title of prayer books of the Anglican Church. |
| Jesuits | Strict followers of Catholicism that worked to regain support for the Catholic Church and strictly followed it's practices. |
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