MCAT Biology #16
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21 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 The largest functional compartment in eukaryotic animal cells | cytosol |
| cytosol | fluid cytoplasm |
| where is the cytosol | between recognizable cytoplasmic organelles |
| What does the cytosol consist of? | primarily moderately dark-staining material containing proteins, other macromolecules, small molecules, ions, and water |
| Where does glycolysis occur? | in the cytosol |
| what occurs in the cytosol | glycolysis and many other general metabolic processes |
| Where are free ribosomes? | scattered in the cytosol |
| what do free ribosomes look like? | more darkly stained granules of approximately 25 nm in diameter. |
| What are all of the proteins that will function in the cytosol, nucleus, and peroxisomes made on? | free ribosomes |
| what are proteins that will be imported from the cytosol into mitochondria and chloroplasts made on? | free ribosomes |
| Who can polyribosomes appear in routine electron micrographs | clusters, linear arrays, or rosettes |
| How are free ribosomes that are engaged in protein synthesis arranged | polyribosomes |
| Smooth endoplasmic reticulum | irregular tubes and flattened sacs or cisterni of cytoplasmic membrane |
| Which type of endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes on the surface | rough ER |
| Where does the synthesis of phospholipids and part of the synthesis of steroids occur? | of the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth) |
| What does enzymes associated with sER involved in? | detoxifying many foreign molecules such as drugs |
| Rough endoplasmic reticulum | consists of flattened sacs of cytoplasmic membrane with ribosomes associated with the cytoplasmic surface |
| What do the ribosomes on the rER do? | they are the site of synthesis of proteins that will be packaged by the golgi bodies |
| do the ribosomes on the rER appear to be permanently attached? | nope |
| how/when does the ribosome attach to the rER | if the polypeptide currently being synthesized by the ribosome carries a signal sequence of amino acids near its amino terminal end that triggers uptake of the polypeptide into the rER |
| What happens after the polypeptide is taken into the rER | the initial oligosaccharide groups are added to glycoproteins prior to their transfer to Golgi bodies |
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