Cell Reproduction Vocabulary
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28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 auto | by itself, automatic |
| centro | middle |
| asexual reproduction | reproduction that does not involve the union of gametes and in which a single parent produces offspring that is genetically identical to the parent |
| autosomes | any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome |
| binary fission | a form of asexual reproduction in single celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same side |
| Cell cycle | the series of events that takes place in a cell leading it to its division and divides a cell into two |
| Cell plate | the precursor of a new plant cell wall that forms during cell division and divides a cell into two |
| Centromere | the region of the two chromosome that holds the to sister chromatids together during meiosis |
| Chromatid | one of the two strands of a chromosome that become visible during meiosis or mitosis |
| Cleavage Furrow | the tension that separates two dividing animal cells |
| Crossing over | the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis; it can result in genetic recombination |
| Cytokinesis | the division of the cytoplasm of a cell; it follows the division of the cell's nucleus during mitosis or meiosis |
| Diploid | a cell that contains two haploid sets of chromosomes |
| Gamete | a haploid reproductive cell that unites with another haploid reproductive cell to form a zygote |
| Genetic recombination | the regrouping of genes in an offspring that results in a genetic makeup that is different from that of the parents |
| Haploid | a cell with half the number of chromosomes as a diploid cell (unpaired chromosomes) |
| Histone | a type of protein molecule found in the chromosomes of eukaryotic cells |
| Homologous chromosome | chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes, that have the same structure, and that pair during meiosis |
| Karyotype | a picture taken by a microscope of the array of chromosomes visible during metaphase |
| Kinetochore | protein structure on chromosomes where spindle fibers attach during cell division |
| Nondisjunction | the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis I, or the failure of chromatids to separate during mitosis or meiosis II |
| Sex chromosome | one of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual (X or Y) |
| Sexual reproduction | reproduction in which gametes from two parents unite |
| Synapsis | the fusion of chromosome pairs at the beginning of meiosis |
| Tetrad | the four chromatids in a pair of homologous chromosomes taht come together as a result of synapsis during meiosis |
| Inversion | a chromosomal segment breaks off, flips around backwars, and reattatches |
| Translocation | a piece of one chromosome breaks off and reattaches to a nonhomologous chromosome |
| Deletion | the loss of a piece of a chromosome due to breakage |
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