| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Ureter | 10" tubes that extend from each kidney into the bladder; made of transitional epithelium - able to stretch |
| Urinary bladder | Hollow muscular organ; directly behind the pubic symphysis; made of transitional epithelium since it requires stretching |
| Trigone | Triangular area at the floor of the bladder where the two ureters enters and urethra exits |
| Detrusor muscle | Controls the opening from the bladder into the urethra |
| Micturitition reflex | At around 200-400ml, pressure starts to significantly increase; stretch receptors send a nerve impulse to the spinal cord that will trigger urination |
| Bladder capacity | Around 700-800ml |
| Urethra | Tube that extends from the bladder down to the outside of the body; composed of stratified squamous epithelium, however non keritanized (does not require protection from water) |
| Female urethra | Passage is much shorter in; for urine only |
| Male urethra | Passage is significantly longer (8-10"); bladder thru prostate, then through penis, to outside of body; is a passage for urine and semen |
| Urine formation | I. Filtration: a passive process (pressure); where blood is filtered to produce filtrate. II. Reabsorption: when nutrients, water, and ions are reabsorbed from filtrate, back into blood. III. Secretion: any wastes that are still in the blood are secreted into the filtrate. IV. Anything remaining in filtrate is excreted as urine. |
| Filtration | Non-selecetive passive process where solvent and solutes are forced to cross a membrane due to pressure |
| Filtrate | Blood plasma minus blood proteins; 1) 180L produced daily 2) 178-179L reabsorbed back into blood 3) 1-2L eventually become urine |
| Filtration membrane | Contains three parts: A. glomerular edothelium B. basement membrane C. visceral Bowman's capsule; filtration is efficient due to: A. relatively high pressure B. high number of capillaries allows quick processing C. membrane is thin and permeable, making it easy for matter to pass through |
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