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ascospore the sexual spores. ascus sac that forms on the surface of an ascocarp in which haploid spores are formed basidiospore an asexual spore formed by basidium basidium club-shaped, reproductive structure in which club fungi produce spores budding asexual reproduction in which a part of the parent organism pinches off and forms a new organism chitin A chemical that provides both toughness and flexibility conidium Tiny fungal spore that forms at the tips of specialized hyphae in ascomycetes fruiting body slender reproductive structure that produces spores gametangium gamete-producing structure found in mold lichen The combination of a fungus and either an alga or an autotrophic bacterium that live together in a mutualistic relationship mycelium a mat of hyphae that forms the body of a fungus mycorrhizae symbiotic relationships between fungal hyphae and plant roots. rhizoid threadlike structures that anchor nonvascular plants to the ground saprobe organism that feeds on dead organisms or organic wastes sporangiophore specialized hyphae that look like upright stalks. sporangium a specialized sac, case, or capsule, or other structure that produces spores. stolon stemlike structures of a mold zygospore resting spore that contains zygotes formed during the sexual phase of the mold's life cycle