Final review 1450
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Created by:
balcziunas on October 27, 2010
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93 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Reason pt. are given platelets and when are they most beneficial. | control bleeding; platelets are active inclotting and are beneficial with coagulation and bleeding disorders. |
| Lab value for Iron deficiency pts. | decreased hemocrit, hemoglobin, iron and increase TIBC. |
| Treatment for pernicious anemia | B12 injections, IM, monthly. |
| Foods that increase iron deficiency. | red meats, fish, raisins, apricots, dried fruits, dark green veggies, dried beans, eggs, whole grains. |
| Lab values of pt. with thrombocytopenia. | WBC 88,000 , Hgb & Hct are low, bone marrow aspiration shows immature platelets, decreased platelet count, prolonged bleeding time. |
| Treatment of hemolytic anemia. | remove cause if possible, blood tranfusions, erythrocytapheresis, surgical- spleenectomy. |
| Lab value of acute leukemia. | large number of immature leukocytes. |
| Nursing Interventions for pts with anemia. | monitor labs, rest periods, oxygenate. |
| S/S of thrombocytopenia. | petachie, ecchymoses, bleeding from mucous membranes, rigid abdomen. |
| Dx conformation for lymphocytic leukemia. | blastic phase, Philadelphia. |
| characteristics of Hodgkin's disease. | confirmed with Reed-Sternberg cells, painless enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, area above the clavical, groin, dyspnea, cough. |
| Normal INR value of pt on coumadin | 2-3 seconds. |
| Actions of Lovenox, Heparin, Amicar. | blood thinner medications. |
| Action of T-pA. | clot buster medication. |
| Nursing Interventions for pts. with agranulocytosis. | good hand hygiene, strict asepsis for procedures, monitor temp over 100.6F, auscultate lungs for crackles/wheezes, vitals. |
| Conditions a pt would have with elevated ESR. | inflammation : necrosis & leukocytes. |
| Know when lab values return to normal after the cause of hemolytic anemia has been eliminated. | RBC's- 120 days ; H&H increase, LDH decrease. |
| Which cardiac procedures are invasive. | CABG, PTCA, Cardiac catherization, pericardiocentesis, cardiac biopsy. |
| Conduction system of the heart. ( path ) | Av node to SA node to bundle of his to bundle branches to perkinje fibers. |
| Lab test to confirm diagnosis of MI. | cardiac enzymes; CPKMB, LDH, Triponin |
| Pre-op for cardiac cath. | off all blood thinners, d/c glucophage & vit. E, height & weights, allergies, baseline vitals, mark peripheral pulses with an X, informed consent ( by doctor ). |
| What controls the conduction system? | autonomic nervous system. |
| Pericardium | protective sac around the heart; protect's and lubricates; 15-20 ml of fluid. |
| Stroke volume | volume of blood ejected from left ventricle with each contraction or systole. |
| Where in the heart depolarization and repolarization occurs in the heart. | depolarizations=systole=contraction ; repolarization=diastole=relaxation. |
| Where you hear S1. | left, 5th intercostal space, mid-clavicle. mitral&tricuspid valve closing. |
| QRS complex | represents ventricular depolarization; represents electriccal inpulses as it travels from the AV node -perkinje fibers, ending with ventricles contracting. |
| Treatment for bradycardia | Atropine |
| Tratment for tachycardia | beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, Dig., antiarrythmia's. |
| Cardiac enzyme peak time's. | CPBMK- 3-4 hours, LDH- 48-72 hours, Triponin- 48hours - weeks. |
| What happens during ventricular diastole. | repolarization/diatole. |
| Action and contraindications for Inderol. | Action- improves contractility; contraindicated in CHF, COPD. |
| Landmark for Apical Pulse. | Left, 5th intercostal space mid-clavicle. ( apex of the heart ) |
| Purpose for Nitrates | treat angina |
| Treatment for angina pectoris. | Nitrates - ( dilates blood vessels ) |
| Surgical intervention for unstable angina. | PTCA |
| Which diuretic is potassium sparing. | Aldactone |
| Treatment for V fib. | CPR/ defibrillation |
| Treatment for myocarditis | Dig, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, NSAIDS, diuretics. |
| Cause for pericarditis | idiopathic |
| Temporary inadequate blood and O2 to the hear is? | angina pectoris |
| What cardiac enzymes elevate after a MI | triponin, LDH, CPBMK, ; increase WBC |
| How will right ventricle function at initially when a person had left sided heart failure. | will continue to function normally. |
| Who can not take Hydrodiuril. | anyone with sulfa allergies. |
| What arterie is affected when a pt has a MI that damages the left atrium and the lateral and posterier left ventricle. | circumflex |
| What part of the pleurevac chest tube bubbles. | suction chamber |
| Examples of bronchodiolators. | Albuterol, Alupent, Ephedrine, Epinephrine, Bitalteral, Levalbuerol, Pirbuterol, Terbutaline, Salmeterol, Firmaterol. |
| Complications of fractured ribs. | closed pneumothorax , actelectasis. |
| S/S of PE. | sudden restlessness, chest pain, cough, anxiousness. |
| What patients must be careful taking bronchodiolators | narrow angle glaucoma |
| Procedure of bronchoscopy | scope/camera down throat to the bronchia. |
| How to ascess pt on mechanical ventolation | always check patient first, patent airway. |
| How chest tube with pleurvac drainage works. | prevents atmosphere air from being pulled inside the pleura space |
| Know nursing interventions for pneumonia | O2, patient airway, couch, deep breathe, incentive spirometer, clear the airway of exudate. |
| Most important assessment information for an acute resp. problem. | patent airway / bronchodiolators |
| Amount of O2 a person with COPD should have. | 1-2 liters, low level of oxygenation to trigger hypoxic drive. |
| Best postition a person with asthmatic should be placed in. | high fowler's position. |
| What is first treatment for an asthmatic pt in distress. | bronchodiolators |
| How to prevent atelectasis in your post op pt. | cough, deep breathe, incentive spirometer, ambulation, turn pt. every 2 hours. |
| How to confirm a diagnosis of pneumothorax | diminished/absent lung sounds |
| Difference between a pneumothorax and hemothorax | hemo = blood in the pleura space ; pneumo= air in the pleura space |
| What a PE is. | a blood borne substance lodge's/blocks flow in the pulmonary blood vessels. |
| What information do you obtain from a pulse oximeter. | saturation of oxygenation/hemoglobin level |
| What does hemoglobin have to do with oxygenation status. | oxygen attach's to the iron of the hemoglobin. If decrease hemoglobin = decrease oxygen. |
| What happens when you open a collapsed alveoli. | gas exchange happens |
| Why a pt might have a thoracentesis. | to remove fluid from pleura space. |
| Purpose of alveolar macrophages. | removes foreign particles from the lungs. |
| Treatment for ARDS | ventilation, treat underlying causes/symptoms. |
| Pt. assessment after a thoracotomy tube is placed. | check resp. status, vitals. |
| How to prevent lung cancer. | stop smoking |
| Side effects and interventions for INH or insoniazid | increase fluids, liver enzyme labs, vitals. ; neuropathy and hepatitis. |
| What is " blue bloater " | chronic bronchitis |
| Know what bronchiectasis is and s/s. | chronic diolation of bronchi ; productive cough, dyspnea, thick sputum, wt loss, fatigue, crackles. |
| How foreign particles are removed from the lungs. | alveolar macrophages, cilia |
| Breath sound heard when pleura is inflammed | friction rub; grating noise |
| How often a health care worker receive TB test. | annually, once a year. |
| Different pneumothorax and what happens. | open- an opening to the outside., closed- caused by blunt trauma, no opening to outside., tension- trapped air caused by trauma or mechanical ventolation. |
| Best position for pt with epistaxis. | sitting up with head bent slightly forward |
| What will show up in urine sample of pt with glomerulonepritis | increase protein and RBC |
| How to collect a 24hr urine specimen. | Throw out 1st urine upon waking, and save the rest for 24 hr period. |
| Lab finding for acute tubular necrosis | increase serum creatine and increase BUN |
| What happens to urine when urine is unable to concentrate itself. | low specific gravity |
| How to divide up fluids when a person is on restrictions due to glomerulonephritis | most amount in morning, less as day goes on. |
| Lab findings indicate glomerulonephritis | increased BUN, serum creatine, potassium, ESR rate |
| Treatments for urge incontinence | fluids @ 3000ml/day ; bladder retrain |
| How to obtaine a residual urine | strait cath. |
| What causes overflow incontinence | blocked urethra or bladder weakness preventing normal emptying |
| What organism causes Nosocomial cyctitis | E. coli |
| Nursing interventions for acute glomerulonephritis | vitals, I & O, BP, headache, flank pain, edema, daily wt. |
| Medical management for polycystic kidney disease | preserve kidney function, prevent infections, relieve pain |
| Treatment for postrenal acute renal failure ( ARF ) | remove obstruction |
| Treatment for prerenal ARF | dialysis |
| Goals of stress urinary incontinence surgery | strengthen pelvic floor, reconstruct sphincter |
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