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Mare Nostrum means "our sea" nickname for Medeterannean sea for romans Estrucans came from Asia Minor. First to introduce greek culture to Romans. League of the Seven Hills The beginning of Rome. Latin villages founded hills overlooking the Tiber river. Romulus and Remus Traditional story of how Rome began. Twins abandoned and rescued by a wolf, raised by a shepherd . Grew to build Rome. Romulus later killed Remus Pater "father" (latin) Basic unit of early Roman society the "family"- father, mother, children, and slaves. Father had the power of life and death over his household. Patricians Aristocratic class (upper class) held the highest position in early roman society Plebians Lower class "common people" -- farmers, traders, and craftsmen Imperium the kings authority (it was a monarchy) Fasces symbolizes the kings power Appian Way 312 B.C. Rome to Capua. Apostle Paul traveled this road. First roman road. Strata Rock layers. built in 5 layers. street comes from this word pavimentum first layer is SAND Republic government was divided among 3 branches: consuls, senate, assemblies 509 B.C. romans overthrew Estrucian king. The founding of the Republic Res Publica the people's thing consuls government officials. held the imperium Senate most powerful body of the Republic. 300 members. controlled the government's finances, passed laws, and supervised foreign affairs of the republic. Patrician Nobles Expelled the Estrucian king and took firm control of gov't Plebiscites laws binding only plebians made by the plebians Tribune ten men of the council of Plebians. Able to cry VETO! to stop unjust acts of patrician officials 450 B.C. Twelve tablets of the roman forum. Foundation of Roman Civil law. Tribal Assembly 287 B.C. gained the power to pass laws binding all people of Rome. Pyrrhus relative of Alex the Great. war elephants defeated the romans twice. 265 B.C. Rome controlled all of the Italian peninsula 264-241 B.C. First Punic War. Fought over Sicily between Romans and Carthaginians 218-201 B.C. Second Punic War. Hannibal general who commanded the Carthaginian army in the second Punic War. Elephants. 216 B.C. Battle of Cannae. worst roman defeat. Siege of Syracuse the Roman siege of Syracuse (214-212 BC) was eventually won by the Romans who sacked the city (killing Archimedes) Scipio Turning point of the 2nd pw. , Roman general who commanded the invasion of Carthage in the second Punic War and defeated Hannibal at Zama (circa 237-183 BC) Battle of Zama 202 B.C. romans defeated carthaginian army 149-146 B.C. 3rd punic war. 50 yrs after 2nd P.W. Cato sought to arouse the Roman people to take action against Rome's old rival (carthage) Tiberius Gracchus (Scipio is their grandfather). , proposed law to take land back from senators and give it to the poor, people organized a riot where he wad killed Gaius Gracchus 154 - 121BC, Elected tribune in 123BC, Proposed using public funds to buy and sell grain to the poor at reduced prices (welfare program), Violence becomes "Law of the Land" First Civil War rival between the Tribal Assembly and Senate. Senate won Marius a Roman general who was elected consul seven times (one time over Sulla)- he is known for the big changes he made to the Roman army, making it easier for men to be Roman soldiers. Sulla general appointed by the senate, but was rejected and tribal assembly put in Marius