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central nervous system the part of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord peripheral nervous system the neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body, including muscles and glands neurons a nerve cell cell body a part of the neuron that produces energy needed for the activity of a cell dendrites the branch like extensions of a neuron that receive impulses and conduct them toward the cell body axon a long-tubelike structure that attached to a neuron that transmits impulses away from the neuron to the cell body myelin a white, fatty substances that insulates axons and enables rapid transmission of neural impulses axon terminals small fibers branching out from the axon neurotransmitter a chemical messenger that carries impulses to the synaptic gaps between neurons spinal cord a column of nerves within the spine that transmits messages to and from the brain somatic nervous system the division of the peripheral nervous system that connects the central nervous system with the sensory recepetors, muscles, and the skin. autonomic nervous system the subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that regulates body functions, such as respiration & digestion.