| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Osmolarity | The force that attracts water; pulls water in one direction |
| Dilute urine | Caused by increased fluid intake, decreased fluid loss, or when no ADH is secreted |
| Concentrated urine | Caused by decreased fluid intake, increased fluid loss, or when ADH is secreted |
| Countercurrent mechanism | When the fluid in one limb of the loop of Henle flows in the opposite direction as the fluid in the other limb; reabsorption of different substances on both sides; one example of this organization is the vasa recta |
| Countercurrent mechanism | Solutes move into the interstitial fluid from the ascending limb while water moves into the interstital fluid from the descending limb |
| Water | Once it moves out of the loop of Henle and into into the interstitial fluid, it moves into the vasa recta to conserve the solute gradient in the interstitial fluid |
| ADH secretion | During urea recycling, this causes water to leave the filtrate and enter the blood; urea becomes concentrated in the filtrate and diffuses down its concentration gradient into the interstitial fluid |
| Water | Follows urea out of the filtrate during the recycling phase of urea |
| High protein diet | Tends to have more urea, thus a higher urine concentration |
| Urinalysis | When urine composition and volume is analyzed in addition to its microscopic properties |
| Composition of urine | 95% water and 5% ions |
| Urine production | 1-2 Liters per day |
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