| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Renal clearance | The volume of blood plasma from which a substance is entirely removed per minute; determines efficiency of kidneys to remove substances from blood and add them to the filtrate |
| High renal clearance | When a substance is easily removed from the blood; higher dosage, greater frequency |
| Low renal clearance | When a substance is not easily removed; tends to stay in blood; lower dosage, less frequency |
| RC=UV/P | Equation for renal clearance where RC=renal clearance, U=concentration of substance in urine, V=urine flow rate, and P=concentration of substance in blood plasma |
| Inulin | A polysaccharide that is a standard substance for renal clearance testing since it is filtered completely without any reabsorption in normally functioning kidneys |
| Dialysis | The artificial cleansing of blood using a selectively permeable membrane to remove solutes |
| Hemodialysis | Directly filtering blood by removing wastes and fluid and returning cleansed blood to the patient |
| Peritoneal dialysis | When the peritoneum in the abdomen is used as the dialysis membrane |
| Kidney stones | Solid crystal clusters of dissolved mineral in urine that form inside the kidneys/ureters; causes sharp abdominal pains and also blood in urine |
| Methyl mercaptan | A substance that can be made from digested asparagus; 50% of population effected |
| Urochrome | A pigment that causes the yellow color in urine; breakdown product of the bile |
| Urobulin | Pigment produced form the breakdown of hemoglobin |
| pH of urine | May range from 4.5 to 8; average of 6 |
| Turbidity | Degree of cloudiness of urine; fresh urine is clear, but will break down from bacteria and become cloudy |
| Specific gravity | Weight of a volume of urine compared to a weight of an equal volume of distilled water; normal - 1.001-1.03; slightly heavier that water; higher specific gravity - more concentrates/solutes |
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