5 Written Questions

1. Human population growth and resource use
2. Pesticides- Fish-eating birds
   Lead- California condor
3. defines species in terms of evolutionary history
4. - measures variety of alleles (different versions of same genes) within a species; Species that have undergone genetic bottlenecks have low allelic diversity; California elephant seal, cheetah
5. Established in 1973; Currently, U.S. has 1,264 species on its Endangered and Threatened lists, and about 386 candidate species waiting for consideration.
   Number reflects more about human interests than actual status
   Invertebrates make up 75% of all species, but only 9% of T/E list.
   Listing process is extremely slow; at least 18 species have gone extinct since being nominated for protection.

5 Matching Questions

1. Umbrella species
2. Cowbirds
3. Flagship species
4. Indicator species
5. Keystone species

1. a tied to specific communities or successional stages
   Brook trout
2. b require large blocks of undisturbed habitat
   Elephants, northern spotted owl
3. c attractive organisms to which people react emotionally
   Panda
4. d need to be trapped and euthanized
   Not native to Michigan
   Invaded following deforestation
5. e species has major effect on other members of community
   Prairie dog

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. total number of species in a community
   1. Species Richness
   2. Special Concern
   3. Species Diversity
   4. Species Evenness
2. By 1890's, most states had enacted some hunting and fishing laws; General idea was pragmatic, not aesthetic or moral preservation.; Only game species were managed; Predators were exterminated; In general, regulations have been extremely successful.; White tailed deer; Wild turkey
   Snowy egret
   1. Drugs and Medicines
   2. Species Richness
   3. Hunting and Fishing Laws
   4. Endangered Species Act
3. Wildlife smuggling is very profitable.
   Fur, horns, live specimens, folk medicine
   5 million wild birds sold worldwide each year
   Additional 3 million caught but die before reaching market
   128 million tropical fish sold annually in U.S.
   Cyanide released above coral reefs to stun fish. A single diver can kill all life on 200 sq. meters of coral reef in one day.
   1. Commercial Products and Live Specimens
   2. Keystone species
   3. Drugs and Medicines
   4. Invasive Species
4. 1975; Regulates trade in living specimens and products derived from listed species; Currently lists 700 species threatened with extinction by international trade; Gorillas, elephants, rhinos, most big cats
   1. Endangered Species Act
   2. Commercial Products and Live Specimens
   3. Convention on International Trade In Endangered Species (CITES)
   4. Evolutionary species concept
5. Any animal species about which some problems of limited abundance or distribution in Indiana are known or suspected and should be closely monitored.
   Least weasel
   1. Species
   2. Species Evenness
   3. Special Concern
   4. Species Richness

5 True/False Questions

1. Species Evenness → relative abundance of individuals within each species
   If one or a few species are dominant (most abundant), the community is said to have low diversity

   True        False

2. Extirpated → Any animal species that has been absent from the state as a naturally occurring breeding population for over 10 years, but exists elsewhere as a wild population.
   Brown bear

   True        False

3. Threatened → Any animal species that has been absent from the state as a naturally occurring breeding population for over 10 years, but exists elsewhere as a wild population.
   Brown bear

   True        False

4. Drugs and Medicines → species has major effect on other members of community
   Prairie dog

   True        False

5. Overharvesting → Passenger pigeon- Formerly world's most abundant bird (est. 3-5 billion animals) Extinct in 1914; Many major fish stocks expected to collapse within 50 years; Bushmeat trade

   True        False