CH 2 Surface Anatomy
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Created by:
simonenicole on October 30, 2010
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153 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Frontal Region | region includes forehead and area superior to eyes |
| Parietal Region | region superior to occipital region and articulated by saggital sutures |
| Temporal Region | ear is the most prominent feature in this region |
| Zygomatic Region | overlies the cheek bone and its arch |
| Occipital Region | Single cranial bone located in the most posterior portion of the skull articulates with the lambdoidal and parietal region |
| Orbital Region | region of head includes the eyeball and all of its supporting structures |
| Infraorbital Region | under the eye socket and lateral to the nasal region |
| Oral Region | region mastication that involves the vermillion zone, philtrum, and nasiolabial sulcus |
| Buccal Region | region of the head that is composed of the soft tissues of the cheek of the face |
| Mental Region | region inferior to the nasal region that includes ramus, coronoid process and condyle |
| Nasal Region | region including nasion, bridge, naris and ala |
| Temporomandibular Joint | located anterior to ear where the upper skull connects with the lower arch |
| Frontal region | Includes forehead and area superior to eyes |
| Supraorbital ridge | line just inferior to each eyebrow |
| Glabella | elevated area between the eyebrows |
| Frontal eminence | prominent area of the forehead |
| Temporal Region | The ear is the most prominent feature in this region |
| auricle | External part of ear, the externally visible cartilaginous structure of the external ear |
| External acoustic meatus | tube through which sound waves are transmitted to the middle ear |
| Tragus | small flap of tissue on the external ear |
| Orbit | eye socket |
| Sclera | white area of eye |
| Iris | colored area of eye |
| Pupil | dark center of eye |
| Eyelids | cover and protect the eyeballs |
| Lacrimal gland | Upper eyelid covers the lacrimal gland which produces tears |
| Conjunctiva | thin membrane lining the inside of the eyelids and front of the eyeball |
| Lateral canthus | outer corner where the upper and lower eyelids meet |
| Medial canthus | inner angle of the eye |
| Root of the nose | area between the eyes |
| Nasion | the landmark that corresponds to the junction of the bones, inferior to the glabella |
| Bridge of the nose | Inferior to the nasion |
| Tip of the nose | the flexible cartilage superior to the oral region and the ala |
| Naris | Nostrils, any of the openings to the nasal cavities that allow air to flow through the cavities to the pharynx |
| Nasal septum | the midline portion of the nose that separates the naris |
| Ala | cartilaginous structures that are found laterally around the naris |
| Philtrum | vertical groove on the midline of the upper lip |
| Tubercle of the upper lip | fleshy extra tissue found on the upper lip |
| Labial commissure | corners of the mouth |
| Nasolabial sulcus | groove running upward between the labial commissure and ala of the nose |
| Labiomental groove | separates the lower lip from the chin |
| Chin | major feature of the mental region that protrudes on the facial region of the lower jaw |
| mandible | bony region with a hinged joint inferior to the infraorbital region adapted for biting and grinding |
| Ramus | lateral aspect of the mandible |
| Coronoid process | anterior superior projection of the ramus |
| Condyle of the mandible | posterior to the border of the ramus |
| Temporomandibular Joint | mandible fits into the mandibular notch in the skull |
| Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) | Patients who have pain and problems in temporomandibular joint |
| Mental protuberance | the prominence of the chin |
| Sternocleidomastoid muscle | divides each side of the neck into an anterior cervical triangle and a posterior cervical triangle |
| Anterior cervical triangle | anterior region of the neck separated by a midline |
| Posterior cervical triangle | lateral region of neck |
| Thyroid cartilage ("Adam's apple")- | the prominence of the larynx where attachment for vocal cords and ligaments occurs |
| Hyoid bone | anterior midline superior to thyroid cartilage where attachment for multiple muscles |
| Oral cavity | Labial,Buccal (Mucosa),Buccal fat pad,Parotid papilla ,Maxillary tuberosity,Vestibules,Mucobuccal fold,Labial frenum |
| Labial mucosa | thick mucosa on the inner portion of the lips |
| Buccal mucosa | thick mucosa that lines the inner cheeks |
| Buccal fat pad | dense pad of inner tissue covered by the buccal mucosa |
| Parotid papilla | small tissue elevation containing the duct opening from the parotid gland |
| Maxillary tuberosity | an elevation on the posterior aspect of the maxilla |
| Vestibules | the upper and lower spaces between the cheeks, lips, and gingiva |
| Alveolar mucosa | found within each vestibule; Thinner and redder than buccal and labial mucosa |
| Submandibular Triangle | the superior portion of the anterior cervical triangle; Bordered by the digastric muscle (both bellies) and mandible |
| Mucobuccal fold | where alveolar mucosa is met by buccal and labial mucosa |
| Labial frenum | fold of tissue located at the midline between the labial and alveolar mucosa of the maxilla and mandible |
| Palate | "The roof of the mouth", Has anterior and posterior portions |
| Hard palate | anterior portion that is firmer and whiter than the soft palate |
| Median palatine raphe | midline ridge of tissue on the hard palate |
| Incisive papilla | small bulge of tissue at the most anterior portion of hard palate and lingual to anterior teeth |
| Palatine rugae | firm irregular ridges of tissue posterior to the papilla |
| Filiform lingual papillae | slender, threadlike, and give the dorsal tongue its velvety texture. most numerous and do not contain taste buds |
| Fungiform lingual papillae | red and mushroom-shaped dots, numerous on apex of dorsal tongue and contain taste buds |
| Sulcus terminalis | posterior V-shaped groove on dorsal tongue that separates the base from the body |
| Foramen cecum | small pit-like depression behind "v" of sulcus terminalis |
| Circumvallate lingual papillae | 10-14 mushroom-shaped papillae that line up along the anterior side of sulcus terminalis( contain taste buds) of dorsal tongue |
| Lingual tonsil | irregular mass of tonsillar tissue on posterior dorsal surface of dorsal tongue |
| Ventral Tongue | The underside of the tongue: Lingual veins , Plica fimbriata |
| Plica fimbriata | a fold with fringelike projections lateral to the lingual vein |
| Uvula | a small pendant fleshy lobe at the back margin of the soft palate |
| Parotid gland | secretes saliva through Stensen's duct into the oral cavity to facilitate mastication and swallowing. |
| Lingual veins | large visible blood vessels that run close to the surface of the ventral tongue |
| Mouth Floor | Inferior to ventral surface of the tongue:Lingual frenum ,Sublingual fold ,Sublingual caruncle |
| Sublingual caruncle (FOM) | small papilla at anterior end of sublingual fold:Contains duct openings from sublingual and submandibular salivary glands |
| Angle of the Mandible | sharp angle of the lower jaw located anterior to the ear |
| Lips | structures surrounding the region of mastication that contain the verimillion border |
| Vermillion Border | dark outline of the entire lip from the surrounding skin |
| Vermillion zone | transitional area within the border of the lip and between mucous membrane of the oral cavity |
| Carotid Triangle | superior part of the inferior portion of the anterior cervical triangle; Subdivided by the omohyoid muscle |
| Muscular triangle | inferior part of the inferior portion of the anterior cervical triangle |
| Submental Triangle | located in the midline of the neck; Formed by the digastric muscle (right and left anterior bellies) and the hyoid bone |
| Occipital Triangle | superior portion of the posterior cervical triangle |
| Subclavian Triangle | inferior portion of the posterior cervical triangle |
| Omohyoid muscle | muscle divides the occipital triangle and subclavian triangle |
| Mucous membrane | tissue that lines the oral cavity |
| Parotid Papilla (location) | on buccal mucosa opposite maxillary second molar |
| Soft palate | region of the oral cavity that is looser and more yellow, a muscular flap that closes off the nasopharynx during swallowing or speaking |
| Pterygomandibular fold | tissue that extends from the junction of the hard and soft palates down to the mandible behind the most distal mandibular tooth |
| Pterygomandibular Fold (fucntion) | tissue stretches when the patient opens; Covers a deep fibrous structure that separates the cheek from the throat |
| Retromolar pad | dense elevated tissue distal to last mandibular tooth |
| Pharyngeal Portion | posterior third at the base of the tongue |
| Oral Portion | anterior two thirds at the body of the tongue |
| Tongue (apex) | tongue tip |
| Tongue (dorsal) | tongue top surface |
| Median lingual sulcus | midline depression on dorsal surface |
| Lingual Papillae | elevated surface of specialized mucosa associated with tastebuds |
| Foliate lingual papillae | vertical ridges on lateral surface contain some taste buds |
| Lingual frenum (FOM) | midline fold of tissue between the ventral surface of the tongue and floor of the mouth |
| Sublingual fold (FOM) | bilateral ridge of tissue extending in a v-shape from the lingual frenum with duct openings |
| Pharynx | Muscular tube that is the entrance into the throat; Serves both the respiratory and digestive systems |
| Pharynx (portions) | nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx |
| Nasopharynx | portion of pharynx superior to the soft palate and continuous with the nasal cavity |
| Oropharynx | portion of pharynx located between the soft palate and opening of the larynx |
| Laryngopharynx | portion of pharynx located more inferior and close to the laryngeal opening |
| Epiglottis | flap of cartilage behind the base of the tongue and in front of the oropharynx |
| Epiglottis (function) | At rest, allows air to pass into the larynx; During swallowing, folds back to cover larynx entrance Prevents food from entering the trachea |
| Faucil Isthmus | fauces that open from the oral region to the oropharynx |
| Fauces | Formed laterally by the anterior faucial pillar and posterior faucial pillar |
| Palatine tonsils | tonsillar tissue between the pillars; also called tonsils |
| Periodontium | cementum, alvelolar bone and periodontal ligaments that supports the teeth in the alveolar bone. |
| Alveolar Process | a ridge that forms the borders of the upper and lower jaws and contains teeth sockets of the for support |
| Alveolar Process (components) | cortical plate, crest, socket and lamina dura |
| Cortical plate | dense outer covering of the spongy bone that makes up the central part of the alveolar process. |
| Aveolar crest | highest point of the alveolar ridge |
| Alveolar socket | cavity within the alveolar process that surrounds the root of a tooth. |
| Lamina Dura | the thin layer of compact bone lining the alveolar socket. |
| Periodontal Ligament | dense connective tissue organized into fiber groups that connect the cementum covering the root of the tooth with the alveolar bone of the socket wall. |
| Periodontal Ligament (function) | to support the tooth in its socket and hold it firmly in normal relationship to the surrounding soft and hard tissues; sensory receptors for jaw positioning |
| Alveolar crest fibers | run from the crest of the alveolar bone to the cementum in the region of the CEJ |
| Horizontal fibers | at right angles to the long axis of the tooth, from the cementum to the bone |
| Oblique fibers | main fibers of the tooth running upward from the cementum to the bone |
| Apical Fibers | from the root apex to adjacent surrounding bone to resist vertical forces |
| Transseptal Fibers | travels across the interproximal space and attaches to the adjacent tooth (holds tooth to tooth) |
| Periodontal Ligament (tissue) | dense connective tissue organized into fibers groups |
| Periodontal ligament (function) | connects the cementum covering the root of the tooth with the alveolar bone of the socket wall. |
| Periodontal ligament (action) | support tooth in socket, hold tooth firmly in normal relationship to surrounding soft tissue; act as sensory receptor proper jaw positioning |
| Oral mucosa | almost continuously lines oral cavity; perforated by ducts of salivary glands (lining, masticatory and specialized |
| Masticatory Mucosa | covers the gingiva and the hard palate, except for margin of free gingiva; keratinized |
| Lining Mucosa (structures) | covers inside cheek, vestibule, lips, soft palate, and underside of the tongue and floor of the mouth |
| Lining Mucosa (function) | generally non-keratinized soft texture, moist surface and ability to stretch and be compressed there by acting as a cushion for underlying structure |
| Specialized mucosa | covers the dorsum (upper surface) of the tongue, composed of many papillae; some contain taste buds |
| Specialized mucosa (types) | filiform, fungiform, circumvallate (vallate) and foliate |
| Attached Gingiva | gingiva that tightly adheres to the bone around the roots of the teeth |
| Mucogingival junction | scallop-shaped line of demarcation between the attached gingiva (firmer and pinker) and the alveolar mucosa (moveable and redder) |
| Marginal Gingiva | nonattached gingiva of the gingival margin |
| Gingival Sulcus | space in inner surface of the marginal gingiva |
| Interdental Gingiva | papilla that is an extension of attached gingiva between teeth |
| Dentogingival fibers | From the cementum in the cervical region into the free gingiva to give support to the gingival. |
| Circumferential Fibers | Continuous around the neck of the tooth to help to maintain the tooth in position. |
| Dentoperiosteal Fibers | alveolar crest; From the cervical cementum over the alveolar crest to blend with fibers of the periosteum of the bone. |
| Transseptal Fibers | travels across the interproximal space and attaches to the adjacent tooth (holds tooth to tooth) |
| Dentogingival (other name) | free gingiva |
| Alveolgingival (other name) | attached gingival |
| Dentoperiosteal (other name) | alveolar crest (insert into the periosteum of the alveolar process) |
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