1.
cell: smallest unit that can carry on all of the processes of life
2.
cell theory: all living organisms are composed of one or more cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function in an organism, cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells
3.
cell wall: rigid layer that lies outside the cell's plasma membrane
4.
cellulose: What is the main component of the cell wall?
5.
central vacuole: large, fluid-filled organelle that stores not only water but enzymes, metabolic wastes, and other materials
6.
centrioles: consist of two short cylinders of microtubules at right angles to each other and are situated in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope
7.
centrosome: a central point near the nucleus which microtubules radiate outward from
8.
chlorophyll: the main molecule that absorbs light and captures light energy for the cell
9.
chloroplasts: an organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs
10.
chloroplasts, chromoplasts, leucoplasts: What are three types of plastids?
11.
chromoplasts: plastids that contain colorful pigments and that may or may not take part in photosynthesis
12.
chromosomes: structures in the nucleus made of DNA and protein
13.
cilia: a hairlike structure arranged in tightly packed rows that projects from the surface of some cells; short, present in large numbers on certain cells
14.
cytoplasm: the region of the cell that is within the plasma membrane and that includes the fluid, the cytoskeleton, and all of the organelles except the nucleus
15.
cytoskeleton: a network of thin tubes and filaments that crisscrosses the cytosol
16.
cytosol: the part of the cytoplasm that includes molecules and small particles, such as ribosomes, but not membrane-bound organelles
17.
endoplasmic reticulum: a system of membranous tubes and sacs called cisternae
18.
eukaryotes: organisms made up of one or more cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
19.
flagella: a long, hairlike structure that grows out of a cell and enables the cell to move; longer, far less numerous on the cells where they occur
20.
glyoxysomes: can be found in the seeds of some plants
21.
Golgi apparatus: sycell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell
22.
intermediate filaments: rods that anchor the nucleus and some other organelles to their places in the cell
23.
lysosomes: vesicles that bud from the Golgi apparatus and that contain digestive enzymes
24.
microfilaments: long threads of beadlike protein actin and are linked end to end and wrapped around each other like two strands of a rope.
25.
microtubules: hollow tubes made of a protein called tubulin
26.
mitochondria: tiny organelles that transfer energy from organic molecules to adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
27.
nuclear envelope: the double membrane that surrounds the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell
28.
nucleoid: a region in which their genetic material is concentrated
29.
nucleolus: the site where DNA is concentrated when it is in the process of making ribosomal RNA
30.
nucleus: a membrane bound organelle that contains the cell's DBA and that has a role in processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction
31.
organ system: group of organs that accomplish related tasks
32.
organelles: intracellular bodies found in cytoplasm that perform specific functions in a cell
33.
organs: groups of tissues that perform a particular job in an organism
34.
peroxisomes: similar to lysosomes but contain different enzymes and are not produced by the Golgi apparatus
35.
phospholipid bilayer: a double layer of phospholipids that makes up plasma and organelle membranes
36.
plasma membrane: covers a cell's surface and acts as a barrier between the inside and outside of a cell
37.
plastids: organelles that are surrounded by a double membrane and contain their own DNA
38.
prokaryotes: organisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
39.
ribosomes: organelles made of protein and RNA that direct protein synthesis in the cytoplasm
40.
rough endoplasmic reticulum: a system of interconnected, flattened sacs covered with ribosomes
41.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum: lacks ribosomes
42.
thylakoids: a system of flattened, membranous sacs found within chloroplasts that contains the components for photosynthesis
43.
tissue: a group of similar cells and their products that carry out a specific function
