Bones
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Created by:
Katie83470974 on October 31, 2010
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Description:
Anatomy one, skeletal system
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43 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 bone remodiling | is a process that involves bone deposit and removal |
| Remodiling units contain | osteoblasts and osteoclasts |
| in healthy Adult bone mass remains | constant |
| Hormonal mechanism | Calcium levels in blood, if blood needs calcium parathyroid gland works with osteoclasts to to destroy bone to release more calcium. |
| Mechanical Mechanism | pull of gravity and muscles. Bones need to strengthen in areas where bulky muscles attached and stressed is felt. |
| Appositional Growth | Bones need to strengthen in areas where bulky muscle is attached and stress is felt. Bones wider due to osteo clast and osteo blast activity |
| Fetus skeleton is mostly | hyaline cartilage |
| Fetus skeleton has approximately--- cartilage bones, many which fuse together | 300 |
| Ages 3-0, bones develop using | hyaline cartilage as model |
| Child ages 3-18 | Eiphyseal plate provides base for length growth. Medullary cavity changes from red marrow to yellow marrow. |
| Adult ages 18-50, Epiphyseal plate | cartilage hardens and turns to bone. Now known as eiphyseal line. |
| If fracture occurs step one | Hematoma ( blood-filled swelling0 forms due to ruptured blood vessels in blood. |
| 2nd process of fracture repair | fribrocartilage callus forms acting as a splint |
| 3rd repair process of fracture | Bony callus forms as osteoblasts and osteoclasts replace fibrocartilage with spongy bone |
| 4th repair process | bone remodels in response to normal stresses, formaing a permanet patch. |
| Closed ( simple) fracture | Bone breaks cleanly but does not penetrate skin |
| Open ( compound) | broken bone ends penetrate through skin |
| Reduction: | setting the fracture back into place |
| Closed reduction: | bone ends are coaxed back into position by physicians hand |
| Open reduction | surgery is performed, and the bone ends are secured with pins or wires |
| Transverse | cuts directly acorss bone |
| oblique | cuts at an angle across bone |
| Linear | often called a hairline fracture, does not displace the bone |
| Comminuted | Bone breaks into many fragments, comon in elderly |
| Compression | Bone is crushed, common in porous bones |
| depression | bone is pressed inward. typical in skull fractures. |
| impacted | Broken bone ends are forced into each other |
| Spiral | ragged break to to excessive twisting, common sports fracture |
| Greenstick | bone breaks incompletely, common in children |
| Synathroses | immovable joints |
| Amphiarthroses | slightly moveable joints |
| Diarthroses | freely moveable joints |
| Fibrous | seperated by dense ( fibrous) connective tissue, usually immovable aka synrathroses |
| Cartilaginous | seperated by fibrocartilage, ex: verterbrae, pubic syphmisis. usually slightly movable amphiarthroses |
| Synovial | seperated by fluid filled sac, usually freely movable aka diarthroses. |
| Distinguishing features of synovial include | articular cartilage covering the ends of bones. Joint structures are enclosed by synovial membrane and a firbous cpasule. Have a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid. |
| Ligaments | reinforce the joint. |
| Plane joint | Movement allowed: sliping or gliding Non axial |
| Hinge Joint | Movement allowed: angular movement in one place. Uni axial |
| Pivot point | movement allowed: rotates around long axis Uni axial |
| Condyloid joint | Movement allowed: side to side and back and forth Bi- Axial |
| Saddle joint | Same as condyloid Bi axial |
| Ball and Socket joint | rotating freely, multi axial |
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