Ch.3-5
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47 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 British Received Pronunciation (BRP) | The dialect of english associated with upper-class Britons living in the London area and now considered standard in the United Kingdom. |
| Creole or Creolized | A language that results from the mixing of a colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated. |
| Dialect | A regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary,spelling,&pronunciation. |
| Ebonics | Dialect spoken by some African-Americans. |
| Extinct language | A language that was once used by people in daily activities but is no longer used. |
| Franglais | A term used by the Frech for English words that have entered the French language,a combination of Francais &anglais,the Frech words for "French"&"English"respectively. |
| Ideograms | The system of writing used in China &other East Asian countries in which each symbol represents an idea or a concept rather than a specific sound,as in the case with letters in English. |
| Isogloss | A boundary that separates regions in which different language usages predominate. |
| Isolated language | A language that is unrelated to any other languages &therefor not attached to any language family. |
| Language | A system os communication through the use of speech,a collection of sounds understood by a group of people to have the same meaning. |
| Language family | A collection os languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history. |
| Language branch | A collection of lang.related through a common ancestor that existed several thousand yrs.ago.differences r not as extensive or as old as with lang.fam.&archaeological evidence can confirm that the branches derived from the same fam. |
| Language group | A collection of lang.within a branch that shara a common origin in the relatively recent past&displays relatively few diff.in grammar&voc. |
| Lingua Franca | A lang.mutually understood &commonly used in trade by people who have different native langs. |
| Literary tradition | A lang.that is written as well- as spoken. |
| Official Language | The lang.adopted for use by the gov.for the conduct of business&publication of documents. |
| Pidgin language | A form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar &limited voc.of a lingua franca used for communications among speakers of 2 diff.langs. |
| Spanglish | Combination of spanish&english,spoken by Hispanic-Americans. |
| Standard language | The form of a lang.used for official government business,edu,&mass communications. |
| Vulgar Latin | A form of latin used in daily conversations by ancient Romans,as opposed to the standard dialect,which was used for official documents. |
| Animism | Belief that objects,such as plants &stones,or natural events,like thinderstormms&earthquakes,have a discrete spirit&conscious life. |
| Autonomous religion | a religion that doesn't have a central authority but shares ideas &cooperates informally. |
| Branch | (of a religion)A large &fundamental division within a religion. |
| Caste | The class or distinct hereditary order into which a Hindu is assigned according to religious law. |
| Cosmogony | A set of religious beliefs concerning the origin of the universe. |
| Denomination | A division of a branch that unites a number of local congregations in a single legal &administrative body. |
| Diocese | The basic unit of geographic organization in the Roman Catholic church. |
| Ethnic Religion | A religion with a relatively concentrated spatial distribution whose principles are likely to be based on the physical characteristics of the particular location in which its adherents are concentrated. |
| Fundamentalism | Literal interpretaion &strict adherence to basic principles of a religion(or a religious branch,denomination,or sect.) |
| Ghetto | During the Middle Ages a neighborhood in a city set up by law to be inhabited only by Jews;now used to denote a section of city in which members of any minority group live because of social,legal,or economic pressure. |
| Hierarchical religion | A religion in which a central authority exercises a high degree of control. |
| Missionary | An individual who helps diffuse a universalizing religion. |
| Monotheism | The doctrine or belief of the existence of only one god. |
| Pogan | A follower of a polytheistic religion in ancient times. |
| Pilgrimage | A journey to a place considered sacred for religious purposes. |
| Polytheism | Belief in or worship of more than one god. |
| Sect | A relatively small group that has broken down away from an estab.denomination. |
| Solstice | Time when the sun is farthest from the equator. |
| Universalizing religion | a religion that attempts to appeal to all people,not just those living in a particular location. |
| Proselytism | Is the act of attempting to convert people to anothe opinion,&particularly another religion. |
| Shamanism | The single person who takes on the roles of priest,counselor,&physician&acts as a conduit to the supernatural world on a shamanist culture,term for local religion,claims to conduit to the supernatural world. |
| Syncretic Religion | Is an attempt to reconcile contrary beliefs,often while melding practices of various schools of thought. |
| Zorastrianism | Is a religion &phylosophy based on the teachings of prophet zoroaster. |
| Diaspora | The experiences of people who came from a common ethnic background but who lives in different religions or ethnic neighborhoods. |
| Secularism | Is the concept that gov.or othe entities should exist separately from religion/relg.beliefs. |
| Crusades | A series of religiously sanctioned military compaigns waged by much of Latin Christian Europe,particularly the Franks of france &the Holy Roman Empire. |
| Feng shui | Is an ancient Chinese System of aesthetics believed to use the laws of both Heaven(astronomy)&Earth to help 1improve life by receiving positive. |
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