Ichthy2
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68 terms
Latin | English |
|---|---|
| max O2 a fish can take up (VO2 max) - basal metabolic rate (VO2 standard) |  metabolic scope |
| habitat selection, regulatory behaviors and seasonal migration | 3 examples of behavioral thermoregulation (used by ectotherms) |
| Rete Mirabile | place between cutaneous and swimming muscles in endothermic fish where warm venus blood from swimming muscle and cold artery blood from gills come into close contact and countercurrent heat exchange warms artery blood as it moves towards inner fish |
| water conducts heat faster and has greater heat capacity | water vs. air. Why is it so much harder to thermoregulate in water? |
| gills cutaneous vessels rete mirabile muscle | what is the circulatory pattern for endothermic fish |
| enzymes function properly at certain ion concentrations | why is there a need for osmoregulation? |
| osmosis and diffusion | what are the 2 challanges in osmoregulation? |
| hypoosmotic | fish that lose water and gain salt.Blood osmolarity is less than that in water |
| hyperomotic | fish that gain water and loose salt. Blood osmolarity is greater than water |
| hyperosmotic | fish that are constantly flooded with water and are trying to gain salts |
| stenohaline | most fish are ________, bc they have limited osmoregulatory abilities |
| euryhaline | fish that can osmoregulate over a wide range of environmental salinities. Estuarine and diadromous species |
| osmol | mole of solute per L of water |
| hypoosmotic | osmoregulatory strategy for marine bony fish |
| hypoosmotic | salt elimination osmoreg. strategy |
| alpha | Cl cell type that excrete monovalent ions/elimiate salts from fish |
| hyperosmotic | freshwater bony fish osmoregulatory strategy |
| hyperosmotic | salt retention osmoreg. strategy |
| hagfish | the only known vertebrate osmoconformer |
| beta | Cl cells in freshwater bony fish that retain salt |
| TMAO | urea is converted to ____ that protects enzymes of elasmobranchs from high organic salt concentrations |
| rectal gland | highly vascular organ in elasmobranchs that actively transports NaCl from blood and carries to intestine |
| organic salts (mostly urea) | form of ions that makes elasmobranchs hyperosmotic |
| mechanoreception | 1st (far field) sense to activate |
| mechanoreception | lateral line and ear work togeather to detect sound, vibration and displacement of water |
| lateral line | row of sensory pores that allows fish to detect low frequency vibrations |
| inner ear | aids in mechanoreception by detecting higher-frequency vibrations or sound |
| neuromasts | sensory hair cells. Ones that are randomly distributed around head are independent from canal system |
| cupula | portion of neuromast that is displaced by water and bends hair cells |
| Pars superior | portion of inner ear that contains utricle chamber that encloses lapillus otolith |
| utricle | chamber in inner ear that encloses otolith |
| lapillus otolith | part of inner ear that detects gravity |
| pars inferior | portion of inner ear that contains saccule and lagena chambers |
| sagitta and astericus | otoliths that detect sound |
| kinocilium | one large hair on each hair cell of inner ear that interacts with smaller hairs |
| sterocilia | smaller, numerous hairs on hair cell |
| stimulatory | deflection of sterocilia towards kinocilium are... |
| inhibitory | deflection of sterocilia away from kinocilium are ... |
| parallax | the bending of light in water |
| 97.2 | degree in which tressteral objects are compressed when viewing from underwater... "Snells window" |
| otolith | denser than body tissue so displaced less than body by sound vibrations |
| otolith | touch sterocilia on hair cells and trigger auditory nerve |
| cornea | part of eye in fishes that is very thin bc they have no need to bend light |
| pupil | gap in irus of fish eye |
| iris | controls the amount of light entering eye. can be adjusted in sharks |
| retna | contains photoreceptors/where vision occurs |
| adipose eyelid | fatty tissue in bony fish that encases eye and reduces drag |
| nictitating membrane | semi-opaque covering that can move up to protect cornea in some elasmobranchs |
| Rod | photoreceptor in retna that detects low light levels and is insensitive to color |
| Cone | photoreceptor in retna that detects bright light and color |
| red | cones that detect 600nm wavethength |
| green | cones that detect 530nm |
| blue | cones that detect 460nm |
| UV | cones that detect 380nm |
| nocturnal | species type that has high rod:cone ratios |
| diurnal | species tyope that has low rod:cone ratio |
| B cone | deep sea species (ex. hatchetfish 1000m) are most likely to have only ___________ photoreceptors |
| surface | species (like barracuda) that are most likely to have R G and B cone receptors |
| chemoreception | detection of dissolved chemicals in water |
| olfaction and gustation | 2 seperate divisions of chemoreception |
| nare | olfaction receptor organ that is a blind nasal opening |
| olfactory rosette | highly folded, receptor rich portion of olfactory that recives water from nare |
| ampullary | electroreceptors in shallow canals filled with conductive gel that detect weak, low frequency signals emitted by prey |
| tuberous | active electroreceptors that are seen in fish that generate their own electrical feilds |
| tuberous | electroreceptors that are located in epidermal depressions and are sensitive to high frequency currents |
| jamming avoidance response (JAR) | adaptation in gymnotiform fishes that produce electric feilds to adopt non overlapping frequencies to avoid gamming of electrolocation signals |
| magnetoreception | sensing the earths magnetic feild, evidence for this in fish is behavioral |
| magnetite | iron oxide with magnetic properties that is biomineralized in skulls of tunas and salmon |
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