Chp. 6 Cell structure and function
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26 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 nuclear envelope | layer of two membranes that surrounds the nucleus of a cell |
| chromatin | combination of DNA and protein molecules, in the form of long, thin fibers, making up the genetic material in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell |
| chromosome | condensed threads of genetic material formed from chromatin as a cell prepares to divide |
| nucleolus | ball-like mass of fibers and granules in a cell nucleus |
| centriole | one of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope |
| phospholipid bilayer | two-layer "sandwich" of molecules that surrounds a cell |
| concentration | the strength of a solution |
| diffusion | the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| equilibrium | When the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a solution |
| osmosis | diffusion of molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration until the concentration on both sides is equal |
| isotonic | having a solute concentration equal to that of another solution |
| hypertonic | having a higher concentration of solute than another solution |
| hypotonic | having a lower concentration of solute than another solution |
| facilitated diffusion | pathway provided by transport proteins that helps certain molecules pass through a membrane |
| active transport | movement of molecules across a membrane requiring energy to be expended by the cell |
| endocytosis | process of taking material into a cell within vesicles that bud inward from the plasma membrane |
| phagocytosis | the process by which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells, either as a defense mechanism or as a means to obtain food |
| pinocytosis | process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment |
| exocytosis | process of exporting proteins from a cell by a vesicle fusing with the plasma membrane and spilling the proteins outside the cell |
| cell specialization | the process in which cells develop in different ways to perform different tasks |
| tissue | cooperating unit of many similar cells that perform a specific function |
| organ | unit consisting of several tissues that together perform a specific task |
| organ system | unit of multiple organs that together perform a vital body function |
| ATP | main energy source that cells use for most of their work |
| microtubule | straight, hollow tube of proteins that gives rigidity, shape, and organization to a cell |
| microfilament | solid rod of protein, thinner than a microtubule, that enables a cell to move or change shape |
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