Ch. 7 Pre AP Bio
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Created by:
aprilfoolsgirl on November 1, 2010
Subjects:
pre-ap bio, pre-ap biology, the working cell, energy from food, chapter 7 key terms
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38 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 autotroph | an organism (e.g. plant) that makes its own food |
| photosynthesis | process in which plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars |
| producers | organisms that make the organic molecules that serve as food for other organisms |
| heterotrophs | organisms that cannot make their own food (e.g. animals) |
| another name for heterotrophs | consumers |
| cellular respiration | a chemical process that uses oxygen to convert the chemical energy stored in organic molecules into another form of chemical energy, ATP |
| kinetic energy | the energy of motion (e.g. climbing to the top of a water slide) |
| potential energy | energy that is stored due to an object's position or arrangement (e.g. standing at the top of a water slide) |
| thermal energy | type of kinetic energy that molecules have as they move randomly (e.g. sliding down the slide when the kinetic energy is converted to ____________ of air and water) |
| chemical energy | potential to perform work due to the arrangement of atoms within molecules |
| calorie | amount of energy required to raise the temp of 1 gram of water by 1 degree celsius |
| kilocalorie | 1000 calories |
| full name for ATP? | adenosine triphosphate |
| ATP | molecule made of a nitrogen-containing compound (adenine), 5-carbon sugar (ribose), and a "tail made of 3 phosphate groups |
| what ind of energy does the triphosphate tail have and why? | potential because the negatively charged phosophate groups are crowded together and when a gond is broken, some potential energy is released |
| what are the three main types of work? | chemical, mechanical, transport |
| an example of chemical work | building large moecules (proteins) |
| an example of mechanical work | contraction of a muscle |
| an example of transport work | pumping ions across a cellular membrane |
| can you "reuse" ATP | yes |
| where does the energy needed to recharge ATP come from? | food |
| aerobic process | process that requires oxygen |
| what kind of process is cellular respiration | aerobic |
| how are cellular respiration and respiration related? | breathing brings oxygen into the body where its used for cellular respiration. breathing also releases carbon dioxide (waste product of cellular respiration) |
| overall equation for cellular respiration | glucose + oxygen---> carbon dioxide + water + energy |
| up to how man ATP molecules per glucose? | 38 ATP molecules |
| electron transport chain | sequence of electron carrier molecules that transfer electrons and release energy during cellular respiration |
| as electrons undergo each transfer in the chain, they release a little energy which is used to make ____ | ATP |
| metabolism | all of the chemical processes in a cell |
| 3 main stages of cellular respiration | glycolysis, krebs cycle, another split into 2 parts |
| glycolysis | first stage in breaking down a glucose molecule; takes place outside mitochondria in the cytoplasm Means : splitting of sugar |
| krebs cycle | stage of cellular respiration that finishes the breakdown of pyruvic acid molecules to carbon dioxide, releasing energy Enzymes are dissolved in matrix w/in inner membrane |
| what happens in the last stage of cellular respiration | Inner mitochondria NADH transfers electrons to an electron transport chain Eventually pulled to oxygen at the end of the chain oxygen and electrons combine w/ hydrogen ions (water) |
| ATP synthase | enzyme that uses the energy to produce up to 34 ATP molecules per glucose moecule |
| fermentation | makes ATP engirely from glycolysis without using oxygen |
| your body uses ____ to convert _____ acid back to _____ acid | oxygen, lactic, pyruvic |
| anaerobic | without the use of oxygen |
| 5 food products of fermentation | beer, wine, bread, cheese, yogurt, soy sauce, sauerkraut |
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