Bio Ch 8 & 9
About this set
Created by:
hugabug101 on November 1, 2010
Subjects:
Description:
Dr.Lopez
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
57 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 osmosis | diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane |
| diffusion | movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of low concentration |
| selective permeability | only allows certain things to pass through it |
| hypertonic solution | outside the cell is higher then the concentration inside the cell causing an animal cell to shrivel |
| hypotonic solution | concentration is lower outside the cell then inside the cell causing the animal cell to swell and eventually burst |
| isotonic solution | equal concentration of dissolved substances both inside and outside the cell |
| passive transport (Swimming with current) | process where molecules move through the plasma membrane by simple diffusion NO ENERGY REQUIRED |
| active transport (swim against current) | movement of materials through a membrane against a concentration gradient REQUIRES ENERGY |
| channel protein | transport proteins that form channels that allow specific molecules flow through |
| carrier protein | another type of transport protein that change shape to allow a substance to pass through the plasma membrane |
| endocytosis | process by which a cell surrounds and takes IN material from its environment |
| exocytosis | expulsion of materials from a cell used to expel wastes |
| mitosis | a period of nuclear division in a cell (4 phases PMAT) |
| interphase | a cell grows in size and carries on metabolism, chromosomes duplicate (constantly in) |
| Prophase | stringy chromatin coils up into visible chromosomes, nucleus begins to disappear as the nuclear envelope and nucleolus disappear |
| Metaphase | doubled chromosomes become attached to the spindle fibers by their centromeres and line up on the equator of the spindle and extends to opposite poles |
| Anaphase | centromeres split apart and chromatid pairs from each chromosome separate from each other |
| Telophase | starts when the chromatids reach opposite poles of the cell, unwind chromosomes, spindles start to break, nucleolus reappears, a new nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes, a new double membrane begins to form between the two nuclei |
| centriole | small, dark, cylindrical structures that are made of microtubules and are located just outside the nucleus |
| centromere | helps scientists identify and study chromosomes holds together sister chromatids during chromosome movement |
| chromatin | long strands of DNA wrapped around histones(a type of protein) |
| chromosome | structures that contain DNA and become darkly colored when stained |
| cytokinesis | process where cell's cytoplasm divides |
| spindle fiber | cagelike structure consisting of thin fibers made of microtubules plays a key role in separation of sister chromatids |
| Explain how the process of diffusion, passive transport, and active transport occur and why they are important to cells | They all are a way of how a cell gets rid of wastes and get the nutrients they need out of the cell |
| predict the effect of hypotonic, hypertonic, or isotonic solution on a cell | To a cell: hypotonic would cause the cell to swell up and eventually burst, hypertonic causes the cell to shrink and shrivel up, isotonic causes them to maintain normal shape |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate an energy molecule |
| ADP | adenosine + 2 phosphates more energy required to bond them together |
| Adenosine Phosphate Ribose sugar | Make up ATP/ADP (energy) |
| photosynthesis | process that uses the sun's energy to make simple sugars |
| light dependent reaction | convert light energy into chemical energy |
| light independent reactions | produce simple sugars do NOT need LIGHT |
| calvin cycle | series of reactions that use carbon dioxide to form sugars |
| pigment | molecules that absorb specific wavelengths of sunlight |
| chlorophyll | absorbs most wavelengths except green |
| chloroplast | cell organelle where photosynthesis takes place |
| thylakoid | contain chlorophyll |
| stroma | where calvin cycle takes place |
| stromata | "vent" in leaf where carbon dioxide enters |
| NADPH & NADP | NADP- carrier molecule that carries Hydrogen molecules |
| cellular respiration | process where the mitochondria break down food molecules to produce ATP |
| mitochondria | site of cellular respiration |
| inner & outer membrane | electron transport chain happens inside |
| glycolysis | a seres if chemical reactions in the cytoplasm of a cell that break down glucose, six-carbon compound into molecules of pyruvic acid, a three- carbon compound |
| citric acid cycle | a series of chemical reactions where the molecule used in the first reaction is also one of the end products |
| electron transport chain | series of proteins embedded in thylakoid membrane |
| aerobic | needs oxygen |
| alchoholic fermentation | used by yeast cells and some bacteria to produce CO2 and ethyl alcohol |
| lactic acid fermentation | one of the processes that supplies energy when oxygen is scarce |
| Role of ATP and how it stores & releases energy | to give energy after photosynthesis it is stored in complex carbohydrates |
| function of chlorophyll in photosynthesis | absorbs sunlight |
| process of photosynthesis | Light dependent cycle- (p1) requires sunlight produces ATP Calvin Cycle- does not require sunlight, uses ATP |
| why water and carbon dioxide are needed. How oxygen is produced | Water & Carbon dioxide- water molecules get split, and carbon dioxide is used to make sugar H20 splits releasing oxygen |
| role of cellular respiration in organisms | breaks down foods we eat to produce ATP (energy) |
| process of cellular respiration | 1. Glycolysis(anerobic) glucose broken down to pyruvic acid pyruvic acid-Acetyl-CoA to mitochondria 4 ATP are made (2 used) NADP-NADPH 2. Citric acid cycle(aerobic) 1 ATP made NADH-FADH made Co2 electrons passed on 3. Electrion transport chain(inner mitochondria)NADH & FADH bring electrons to type of chain some hydrogen combine with O2 to form water rest of hydrogen is used to make energy produces 32 ATP glucose is broken to make ATP Final product- 32 +4=36 ATP |
| why is oxygen needed and water and carbon dioxide produced? cell respiration | oxygen combines with glucose to release energy then oxygen is reduced to form water(produce it) CO- product of the Krebs cycle in the mitochondria |
| Alcoholic Fermentation & Lactic acid fermentation why, when & how each takes place | It takes place so that your cells still make ATP even when they are without oxygen LACTIC converts pyruvate ->lactic acid+2ATP Alchoholic-converts: pyruvate ->CO2+Ethanol+2ATP |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.