Flashcards: Integumentary System
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Created by:
radar1 on November 2, 2010
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Everest College - Massage Therapy Class of 2012, Review, KHS Anatomy, Anatomy/Physiology, 2011 A & P Labette County HS, Anatomy Study Group (see more)
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Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 integument | skin (covering) |
| hypodermis | the subcutaneous tissue just deep to the skin made up of mostly adipose tissue |
| stores fat, anchors the skin, and acts as a shock absorber | What is the function of the hypodermis? |
| epidermis | the outer layer of the skin made up of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium |
| keratinocyte | epidermal cell that produces keratin |
| keratin | the fibrous protein that makes skin waterproof and keeps it strong, also found in hair and nails |
| Greek meaning of "kera" | "horn" |
| melanocyte | epidermal cell that produces the brown piment melanin |
| Langerhans' cell | epidermal cell that acts as a macrophage to activate our immune system to destroy foreign substances |
| stratum basale | deepest epidermal layer made of a single row of cells that undergo rapid cell division |
| Merkel cell | epidermal cell functions as touch receptors in association with sensory nerve endings |
| epidermis, dermis, hypodermis | What are the three regions of the skin? |
| stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale | List the 5 layers of the epidermis in order from the superficial to deepest layer. |
| stratum lucidum | Which layer of the epidermis is found only in thick skin? |
| stratum basale | Which layer of the epidermis consists of a single row of cells where rapid cell division occurs? |
| stratum spinosum | Which layer of the epidermis is made up of a weblike system of intermediate filaments with flattened keratinocytes that appear "spiny" |
| stratum granulosum | Which layer of the epidermis consists of three to five cell layers with keratinocytes that accumulate granules that form keratin and lipids that provide waterproofing |
| papillary and reticular | What are the two layers of the dermis? |
| dermal papillae | What are the peglike projections on the superior surface of the dermis that indent the overlying epidermis? |
| Pacini corpuscle | cell deep in the dermis that is capable of detecting pressure |
| Meissner's corpuscles | sensitive touch receptors in the dermis |
| stretch marks | silvery white scars caused by extreme stretching of the dermis during pregnancy |
| blister | the separation of the epidermal and dermal layers by a fluid-filled pocket |
| melanin | pigment that ranges in color from yellow to reddish-brown to black that is produced when the skin is exposed to sunlight |
| carotene | yellow to orange pigment that is most obvious in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet |
| hemoglobin | pink-red pigment |
| cyanosis | A condition that occurs when hemoglobin is poorly oxygenated causing the skin to appear blue |
| sudoriferous | term that means "sweat" |
| eccrine (merocrine) sweat gland | produces true sweat; abundant on the palms of hand, soles of the feet, and forehead |
| apocrine sweat glands | produce true sweat plus fatty substances and proteins; found in the axillary (armpit) and anogenital areas of the body |
| ceruminous glands | modified apocrine glands found in the lining of the external ear canal; produce sticky, bitter substance called cerumen (earwax) |
| mammary glands | specialized sweat glands that secrete milk |
| sebaceous glands | oil glands |
| sebum | oil |
| hormones | What stimulates sebum production? |
| acne | an active inflammation of the sebaceous glands accompanied by pimples on the skin |
| pili | hair |
| Hair on skin senses insects before they sting or bite; Hair on scalp protects from physical trauma, heat loss, sunburn; eyelashes shield eyes; nose hairs filter particles in the air | What is the function of hair? |
| shaft and root | What are the chief regions of the hair? |
| hair shaft | The portion of the hair that projects beyond the skin |
| hair root | is the part of, the part of the hair contained within the follicle, below the surface of the skin |
| vellus and terminal | What are the two types of hair? |
| vellus hair | fine hair found on children and adult female |
| terminal hair | coarse, long hair found on the head, eyebrows, axillary and genital areas: growth stimulated by male sex hormones |
| alopecia | hair thinning and balding |
| true or frank baldness | male pattern baldness genetically determined |
| nail | scalelike modification of the epidermis that forms a clear protective covering on the dorsal surface of a finger or toe |
| Regulates body temperature; Produces Vitamin D; Protection from chemical and physical injury: Blood reservoir; Excretion of nitrogenous wastes | What are the functions of the skin? |
| basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma | What are the three types of skin cancer? |
| basal cell carcinoma | the least malignant and most common type of skin cancer |
| melanoma | the most dangerous skin cancer |
| ABCD(E) rule | Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color, Diameter, (Elevation) |
| burn | tissue damage inflicted by intense heat, electricity, radiation, or certain chemicals, which denature proteins and cause cell death |
| first degree burn | involves only epithelium; redness, heat (i.e. sunburn) |
| second degree burn | destroys the epidermis and part of the dermis; characterized by pain, blisters, swelling, and discoloration. |
| third degree burn | destroys epidermis and dermis, appear leathery and dark, no pain, insensitivity to pain due to nerve damage; fluid loss & increased risk of infection due to damage of protective barrier |
| rule of nines | method used to calculate the amount of fluid lost as the result of a burn; divides the body into 11 areas, each accounting for 9% of the total body area |
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