Organelles
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29 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Nucleus | composed of a double membrane that stores most of the cell's DNA |
| Nucleolus | dense region in the nucleus where ribosomes are assembled |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | interconnected network of thin, folded membranes that produce, process, and distribute proteins- studded with ribosomes is rough, not is smooth |
| Vesicle | small and contains materials which it keeps separated from the rest of the cytoplasm; transports materials within the cell |
| Mitochondrion | bean-shaped, supplies energy to the cell and ahs own ribosomes and DNA |
| Vacuole | used to store materials such as water, food, or enzymes that process, sort, and deliver proteins |
| Golgi Apparatus | stack of flat, membrane-enclosed spaces containing enzymes that process, sort, and deliver proteins |
| Cytoskeleton | network of proteins, such as microtubules and microfilaments, inside a eukaryotic cell that supports and shapes the cell |
| Cell Membrane | double-layer of phospholipids that forms a boundary between a cell and the surrounding environment; controls passage of materials in and out of the cell |
| Ribosome | links amino acids together to form proteins |
| Lysosome | contains enzymes (animal cells only) |
| Centriole | small cylinder-shaped organelle made of protein tubes arranged in a circle; separates chromosomes and helps cell movement (animal cells only) |
| Chloroplast | composed of numerous membranes that convert solar energy into chemical energy, contains chlorophyll (plant cells only) |
| Central Vacuole | single large fluid-filled sac; usually takes up most of the space in plant cell; strengthens cell and helps support the whole plant (plant cells only) |
| Cell Wall | rigid structure that gives protection, support, and shape to a cell in plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria (plant cells only) |
| Cells | units of structure and function in life |
| Atoms | building blocks of all matter, make up cells |
| Cell Theory | all living things are made of cells; cells are basic unit of structure and function in living things; all cells come from pre-existing cells |
| Light Microscope | enables us to see the overall shape and structure of a cell (must be thin) |
| Compound Light Microscope | image upside down and backwards |
| Total Magnification | objective x eyepiece |
| Stereomicroscope | observe large specimen in 3-D, image right side up |
| Electron Microscope | can't view living things, allows greater magnification (1,000,000+), reveals cellular details, two types |
| Scanning Electron Microscope | electrons bounce off surface of object |
| Transmission Electron Microscope | electrons pass through very thin sections |
| Prokaryotic | cells with no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles have cell wall, plasma membrane, and ribosomes; haploid (1 chromosome), A-sexual reproduction (single strand DNA) |
| Eukaryotic | cells with a nucleus, membrane-bound organelles,diploid linear chromosomes (2 sets of chromosomes) |
| Phospholipid | hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tail, make up cell membrane |
| Membrane Proteins | animal cells only- enzymes catalyze reactions of nearby substrates, recognize molecules on surface, chemical messenger binds to cell, provide chanels |
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