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spontaneous reaction a reaction that will definitely take place with very little help (i.e. rusting) rate = change in [A]/ change in time (M/s) rate expression - (1/2)(change in [A]/ change in time) In reaction 2A + B --> C, rate expression of A = ? k rate constant rate=k[A][B] rate law for A + B --> C 1) Assume A is negative 2) Write the rate expression 3) set given value = rate expression of B 4) solve If, in reaction A + B --> C, you are asked to find how fast B is disappearing given a value for A you .... rate expression This formula gives you the rate of individual compounds. rate = (change in P/change in time)(1/RT) Formula for rate of Kinetics for gasses m/s Rate Constant Unit for 0th Order 1/s Rate Constant Unit for 1st Order 1/ms Rate Constant Unit for 2nd Order 1/m2s Rate Constant Unit for 3rd Order Experamentally Rate Law can only be found _____________. Temperature K is DEPENDENT ON... x + y Where rate=[A]to the x times [B] to the y, order is = ? Order The effect of rate on the reaction 1st Order Any reaction where ln[A]t is the y axis and time is the x axis that produces a linear straight line with a negative slope is the ..... Negative Slope of a first order reaction is ... rate law This formula allows you, if the rate constant is known, to find a concentration or allows you, if the concentration is known, to find the rate constant at ANY throughout the reaction. m/s rate expression Half Life the time required for something to fall to half its initial value (in particular, the time for half the atoms in a radioactive substance to disintegrate) Second order Any reaction where 1/[A]t is the y axis and time is the x axis that produces a linear straight line with a positive slope is the ..... positive Second order graph slope negative Zero Order graph slope Zero Order Any reaction where [A]t is the y axis and time is the x axis that produces a linear straight line with a negative slope is the ..... Both; higher rate, [ ] higher rate and vise versa. In first Order reactions _____ molarity initial concentration will reach the half-life first because _____. Higher; higher [ ] initially at raster rate + faster half life In second Order reactions ______ molarity initial concentration will reach the half-life first because _________. Lower; smaller [ ] will get there first when rate is equal for both In Zero Order reactions _________ molarity initial concentration will reach the half-life first because _________. collisions/time Rate is proportional to ... Activation Energy (Ea) The amount of energy needed to initiate the breaking of bonds and start the forming of new bonds (getting past the transition state or AB) Exothermic In these reactions the reactants are high and the products are low Endothermic In these reactions the reactants are low and the products are high AB or Transition State The highly unstable state that will only proceed to produce products if enough energy is provided in collisions and if the collisions occur the right way. Increase temperature and concentration --> more collisions How do you increase rate? Intermediate Compound that is involved in the elementary steps of a reaction, but doesn't appear in the overall reaction. rate = k [A] to the 2 times [B] to the 3 If given the reaction 2A + 3B --> C, the rate law of this elementary step is ... Catalyst Lowers activation energy, but is not used up in the reaction. slowest Rate Determining Reaction is the ______ Elementary Step.