5 Written Questions

1. When it is assumed the middle person between two extremes must be correct simply because they are in the middle.
2. the arguer sets up a wimpy version of the opponent's position and tries to score points by knocking it down. Defeating a watered down version of your opponents' argument isn't very impressive, either.
3. 1) Most people approve of X. 2) So, I should approve of X, too. 3) Since I approve of X, X must be true.
4. a person justifies an action against a person by asserting that the person would do the same thing to him/her, when the action is not necessary to prevent B from doing X to A.
5. Flattery is presented in the place of evidence for accepting a claim; flattery is not evidence. 1) Person A is flattered by Person B. 2) Person B makes claim X. 3) Therefore X is true.

5 Matching Questions

1. Ad hominem/tu quoque
2. Biased Sample
3. Slippery Slope
4. Red Herring
5. Weak Analogy

1. a if two things that are being compared aren't really alike in th relevant respects, the analogy is a weak one, and the argument that relies on it is a weak analogy.
2. b focus attention on people rather than on arguments or evidence. the conclusion is usually, "you shouldn't believe so and so." becaus they are a bad person (ad hominem) or a hypocrite (tu quoque.)
3. c partway through an argument, the arguer goes off on a tangent to distract the audience. They often return.
4. d When a person draws a conclusion about a population based on a sample that is biased or prejudiced. 1) Sample S, which is biased, is taken from Population P. 2) Conclusion C is drawn about Population P based on S. Known variously as Inductive Generalization, Generalization, and Statistical Generalization.
5. e A chain reaction will take place, but there's really not enough evidence for that assumption. The arguer asserts that if we take even one step, we will slide all the way down the hill.

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. When we try to gt readers to agree with us simply impressing them with a famous name or by appealing to a supposed authority who really isn't much of an expert.
   1. Appeal to Authority
   2. Appeal to Popularity
   3. Appeal to Pity
   4. Appeal to Emotion
2. Making assumptions about a whole group or range of cases based on a sample that is inadequate. Causes stereotypes.
   1. equivocation
   2. Hasty Generalization
   3. Appeal to Tradition
   4. Straw man
3. an arguer tries to get people to accept a conclusion by making them feel sorry for someone.
   1. Appeal to Belief
   2. Appeal to Flattery
   3. Appeal to Pity
   4. Appeal to Popularity
4. The arguer takes advantage of th desire most people have to b liked and to fit in with others and uses that desire to try to get the audience to accept his or her argument.
   1. Red Herring
   2. post hoc
   3. Biased Sample
   4. Ad Populum
5. The threat of rejection by one's peers is substituted for evidence in an argument. 1) Person P is pressured by his/her peers or threatened with rejection. 2) Therefore person P's claim X is false.
   1. post hoc
   2. Middle Ground
   3. Bandwagon
   4. Straw man

5 True/False Questions

1. Appeal to Ignorance → Ridicule or mockery is substituted for evidence in an argument.
   1) X, is some from of ridicule is presented. 2) Therefore, claim C is false.
   Mocking a claim doesn't show that it is false.

   True        False

2. Begging the Question → trying to discredit what a person might later claim by presenting unfavorable information about the person. 1) Unfavorable info about person A is presented. 2) Any claims a person makes will be false.

   True        False

3. Appeal to Tradition → occurs when it is assumed that something is better or correct simply because it is older or traditional. 1) X is old or traditional. 2) Therefore X is correct or better.

   True        False

4. Appeal to Belief → The fact that many people believe in a claim doesn't mean its true. There are some cases when the fact that many people accept a claim as true is an indication that it is true. 1) Most people believe that a claim, X is true. 2) Therefore X is true.

   True        False

5. equivocation → The threat of rejection by one's peers is substituted for evidence in an argument. 1) Person P is pressured by his/her peers or threatened with rejection. 2) Therefore person P's claim X is false.

   True        False