Ch. 10: Photosynthesis
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missnapoleon731 on November 2, 2010
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45 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 photosynthesis | converts solar energy into chem energy endergonic stores energy in organic molecules CO2 is the carbon source light as energy source |
| autotrophs | produce their own food |
| photoautotrophs | use light energy to drive the synthesis of organic molecules from CO2 and water ex: plants, algae, photosynthetic bacteria |
| chemoautotrophs | inorganic chemicals (sulfur, ammonia) as energy source CO2 is carbon source ex: purple sulfur bacteria, nitrogen fixing bacteria |
| heterotrophs | can't make their own food live on compounds produced by other organisms |
| chloroplasts | site of photosynthesis (leaves) |
| mesophyll | middle of leaf location of chloroplasts |
| palisade layer | upper part of leaf |
| spongy layer | lower part of leaf |
| stomata | pores in leaves and stems where CO2 enters and where O2 and H2O leave |
| guard cells | regulates flow of gases |
| stroma | dense fluid within chloroplast |
| thylakoids | interconnected membranous sacs that segregate the stroma from another compartment |
| thylakoid space | interior of thylakoid |
| grana (or granum) | thylakoid stack columns |
| CB van Niel | 1930's-Stanford used purple sulfur bacteria to disprove old hypothesis (Co2+2H2S-->CH2O+H2O+2S) |
| new hypothesis (by CB van Niel) | plants split water as a source of electrons from H atoms releases oxygen as a byproduct |
| light reactions | "photo" occurs in thylakoid membrane light is absorbed by chlorophyll a-->splits water, releasing 2H+, 2e-,1/2 oxygen produces 2energy molecules (ATP and NADPH) generates ATP by chemiosmosis/phosphorylation |
| NADP+ | nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate acceptor of electrons and hydrogen from chlorophyll temporarily stores the energized electrons |
| chlorophyll A | primary pigment PS is not possible without it used directly in PS |
| Calvin cycle | "synthesis" discovered by Melvin Calvin occurs in stroma forms glucose from CO2 (using ATP and NADPH) |
| carbon fixation | incoporating CO2 into organic molecules occurs in the daylight |
| wavelength | distance between crests of waves behave like photons |
| photons | discrete particles of light with fixed amounts of energy |
| electromagnetic spectrum | range of electromagnetic energy (radiation) |
| visible light | 380 nm-750 nm detected as various colors by the human eye ROY G BIV |
| spectrometer | measures pigment's ability to absorb various wave lengths sends light through pigments and measures the fraction of light transmitted at each wavelength |
| absorption spectrum | graph plotting a pigment's light absorption vs. wavelength violet blue and red work the best with PS |
| action spectrum | profiles the relative effectiveness of different waves (rate of PS) |
| Tom Engellmann | 1883 demonstrated action spectrum exposed filamentous alga to different wavelengths |
| acessory pigments | chlorophyll B xanthophyll carotene broadens spectrum for PS |
| vascular bundle | plant vein |
| xylem and phloem | transport |
| photoprotection | carotenoids absorbs excess light that would damage the chlorophyll |
| carotenoids | hydrocarbons that are various shades of yellow and orange that absorb violet and blue-green light |
| fluorescence | when electrons fall back to the ground state and photons are given off |
| antenna complex | collects many chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids |
| reaction center | chlorophyll a and primary electron acceptor (PEA) |
| photosystem II | functions 1st p680 |
| P680 | best at absorbing wavelength of 680 nm |
| photosystem I | functions 2nd p700 |
| P700 | best at absorbing wavelength of 700 nm |
| non-cyclic flow | predominant route involves I and II produces ATP and NADPH |
| cyclic electron flow | uses only photo I produces ATP (surplus) |
| dessication | plant dehydration |
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