Biochemistry
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56 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Atom | smallest particle of an element |
| Electrons | negative charge |
| Isotope | atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons |
| Subscript | number written to the lower right of a chemical symbol |
| Carbohydrates | main source of quick energy for the body |
| Enzymes | Act as a catalyst do a reaction |
| Disaccharides | A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis. |
| Glycogen | polysaccharide that stores glucose found in animals |
| Dipeptides | 2 amino acids |
| Carboxyl group | -COOH |
| Substrate | The reactant on which an enzyme works. |
| Isomer | compounds with the same chemical formula but different structures |
| Activation Energy | energy needed to get a reaction started |
| Polar | describes a molecule with opposite charges on opposite ends |
| Element | A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances |
| Atomic Number | the number of protons in an atom |
| Valence Electrons | electrons on the outermost energy level of an atom |
| Covalent Bonds | form when electrons are shared between atoms |
| Lipids | fats and oils |
| Hydrolysis | Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water |
| Polysaccharides | the large macromolecules formed from monosaccharides |
| Glycerol | Building blocks of lipids |
| Polypeptides | polymers of amino acids |
| Amine Group | a nitrogen attached to a carbon |
| Product | a chemical substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction |
| Acid | compound that forms hydrogen ions in solution |
| Catalyst | substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction |
| Polymer | large compound formed from combinations of many monomers |
| Protons | Positively charged particles |
| Atomic Mass | total mass of the protons and neutrons in an atom, measured in atomic mass units |
| Oxidation Number | the degree of oxidation of an atom or ion or molecule |
| Ionic Bonds | formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another |
| Proteins | nutrients that contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| Monosaccharides | single sugar molecules |
| Starch | A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose. |
| Fatty Acids | building blocks of lipids |
| Peptide Bonds | Bonds between amino acids |
| R group | a functional group that defines a particular amino acid and gives it special properties. |
| Exothermic | releases energy |
| Base | a flat substance (water) |
| Denaturation | when an enzyme changes shape and no longer functions due to high temperatures or wrong pH |
| Hydrogen Bonds | very weak bonds; occurs when a hydrogen atom in one molecule is attracted to the electrostatic atom in another molecule |
| Neutrons | no charge |
| Mass Number | the sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom |
| Coefficient | number in front of a variable |
| Electron-dot diagram | Diagram with symbol in the middle and amount of valence electrons on the outside |
| Nucleic acids | DNA and RNA |
| Dehydration Synthesis | a chemical reaction in which large molecules are formed by removing water from smaller molecules and joining them together |
| Cellulose | hard, nonliving material that makes up the cell wall of a plant cell.. can not be digested by humans |
| Amino acids | building blocks of proteins |
| Nucleotides | building blocks of nucleic acids |
| Active site | the part of an enzyme or antibody where the chemical reaction occurs |
| Endothermic | energy is absorbed |
| Neutral | of no distinctive quality or characteristics or type |
| Unsaturated fatty acid | liquid at room temperature, healthier 2 double bonds |
| Saturated fatty acid | solid at room temperature, animal derived, all carbons have single bonds to hydrogens |
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