| Term | Definition |
|---|
| rRNA | The two ribosomal subunits (large and small) are made of proteins and ____ |
| p | the ___ site holds and tRNA that carries the growing polypeptide chain |
| a | The ___ site holds the tRNA that carries the next amino acid to be added to the chain |
| e | the ___ site is the exit site, where discharged tRNA's leave the ribosome |
| initiation, elongation, termination | The 3 stages of translation are (in order) |
| initiation | Proteins called ____ factors bring in the large subunit that completes the translation initiation complex |
| a | Termination occurs when a stop codon in the mRNA reaches the __ site of the ribosome |
| water | The ____ factor causes the addition of a water molecule instead of an amino acid during termination |
| polysome | A number of ribosomes can translate a single mRNA simultaneously, forming a ___ |
| polyribosome | A ____ enable a cell to make many copies of a polypeptide very quickely |
| true | Ture or False: Translation is not sufficient to make a functional protein, polypeptide chains are modified after translation and completed proteins are targeted to specific sites in the cell |
| free | ___ ribosomes mostly synthesize proteins that function in the cytosol |
| bound | ___ ribosomes make proteins of the endomembrane system and proteins that are secreted from the cell |
| signal | Polypeptides destined for the ER or for secretion are marked by a ___ peptide |
| particle | A signal-recognition ___ binds to the signal peptide and the SRP brings the signal peptide and its ribosome to the ER |
| mutation | A ___ is a change in the genetic material of a cell or virus. This can occur from erros in DNA replication or exposure to mutagens (chemical / radiation) |
| point mutation | A ___ ___ is a chemical change in just one base pair of a gene. The change of a single nucleotide in a DNA template strand can lead to the production of an abnormal protein. Ex: sickle-cell disease |
| point | ___ mutations within a gene can be divided into 2 categories: Base-pair substitutions and Base-pair insertions or deletions |
| base pair substitution | A ___-___ ___ replaces one nucleotide and its partner with another pair of nucleotides |
| silent | ___ mutations have no effect on the amino acid produced by a codon because of redundancy in the genetic code |
| release | When termination occurs, the mRNA reaches a stop codon in the A site called the ____ factor |
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