Chapter 5 Cell Structure and Funtion
About this set
Created by:
katieaaa on November 3, 2010
Subjects:
biology, science, biology; chapter 5: homeostasis and cell transport
Description:
Transport, diffusion, and such vocabulario.
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24 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 vesicles | small membrane bound spaces in most plant and animal cells that transport macromolecules into and out of the cell and carry materials between organelles in the cell. |
| sodium-potassium pump | the mechanism that uses ATP energy to reset the sodium and potassium ions after transmission of a nerve impulse. This moves sodium and potassium against the concentration gradient. |
| passive transport | diffusion through a channel which requires no energy. |
| playsmolysis | cells shrink and shrivel in hypotonic solutions. |
| pinocytosis | a form of endocytosis in which cells ingest liquids. |
| phagocytosis | a form of endocytosis in which cells ingest solid matter by engulfing them like a white blood cell. |
| phagocytes | white blood cells that can engulf and destroy microorganisms including viruses and bacteria; cells in this category include neutrophils and monocytes. |
| 8. passive transport | diffusion across a plasma membrane in which the cell expends no energy. ie. diffusion of oxygen and CO2, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion. |
| osmosis | diffusion of water across a semi-permeable or selectively permeable membrane. |
| isotonic | term applied to two solutions with equal solute concentrations. |
| ion channel | types of passive transport of changed particles across the cell membrane. ie. these ions: potassium, calcium, chlorine, and sodium. |
| hypotonic | a solution having a low concentration of solute. |
| hypertonic | a solution having a high concentration of solute. |
| homeostasis | the ability to maintain a relatively constant internal environment. |
| fluid-mosaic | widely accepted model of the plasma membrane in which proteins are embedded in the lipids. |
| facilitated diffusion | a type of passive transport which requires the aid of carrier proteins that do not easily pass through the membrane easily. this may be caused by size or repulsion to fffffffat! |
| exocytosis | the process in which a membrane enclosed vesicle first fuses with the plasma membrane and then opens and releases it's contents to the outside. |
| equilibrium | the state in which equal concentration of a substance exists all over. |
| endocytosis | the incorporation of materials from the outside of the cell by the formation of vesicles in the plasma membrane. |
| diffusion | the spontaneous movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. |
| cytolysis | cell expands and bursts in a hypertonic solution. |
| concentration gradient | difference of concentration across a space. |
| carrier protein | proteins in the cell membrane that aid molecules entering or leaving the cell with the concentration gradient. |
| active transport | requires the cell to spend energy, usually with ATP. |
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