| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Beck's Triad | for cardiac tamponade: 1) increased venous pressure, 2) hypotension, 3) muffled heart sounds |
| Baker's Cyst | seen in RA: synovial cyst in the popliteal fossa of the knee |
| What marks the active phase of labor? | cervical dilation >4cm |
| Thyroid labs profile for hypothyroidism | decreased total T4, decreased free T4, increased TSH |
| Thyroid labs profile: increased total T4, normal free T4, normal TSH | increased thyroglobulin (TBG) (i.e. secondary to oral contraceptive use) |
| Thyroid labs profile: decreased total T4, normal free T4, normal TSH | decreased thyroglobulin (TBG) (i.e. secondary to anabolic steroid use) |
| Thyroid labs profile: decreased T4, decreased free T4, decreased TSH | secondary or tertiary hypothyroidism |
| What is the most sensitive test for diagnosing primary hypothyroidism? | TSH |
| EEG: 3/s spike and wave pattern | absence/ petit mal seizure |
| EEG: 4-6/s spike and wave pattern | juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (Janz syndrome) |
| EEG: interictal slow-spike waves | Lennox-Gastaut syndrome |
| EEG: centrotemporal spikes | benign partial epilepsy |
| Duchenne's | muscular dystrophy with: onset 3-5 yrs, life expectancy teens, mental retardation common, western blot shows dystrophin is markedly decreased or absent |
| Becker | muscular dystrophy with: onset 5-15 yrs and beyond, life expectancy 30s-40s, mental retardation uncommon, western blot shows dystrophin levels are normal but protein is abnormal |
| Bone marrow bx: hypoplastic fat cells with normal cellularity | aplastic anemia |
| Bone marrow bx: increased marrow cellularity with megakaryocytic hyperplasia | essential thrombocytopenia |
| Bone marrow bx: hypocellular and fibrotic bone marrow | myelofibrotic disorders |
| Manifestation of craniopharyngioma | visual field defects (owing to its location in the sella) |
| Manifestation of meduloblastoma | cerebellar ataxia (located in cerebellar vermis) |
| 2 most common sites of neuroblastoma | adrenal medulla and sympathetic chain ganglia |
| Sxs of hypocalcemia | hyperactive DTRs, general seizures and tetany, muscle cramps |
| Sxs of hypokalemia | decreased DTRs, paresthesias, muscle cramps, lethargy, confusion, fasciculations |
| Sxs of hyperkalemia | nonspecific: muscle cramps, weakness, paralysis, tetany and focal neuro deficits |
| Sxs of hypercalcemia | stones, moans, groans and psychic overtones: nephrocalcinosis, n/v/constipation, confusion/depressed consciousness |
| DTRs in hypomagnesemia | increased DTRs |
| DTRs in hypermagnesemia | decreased DTRs |
| DTRs in hypokalemia | decreased DTRs |
| Drugs associated with serum sickness-like reaction | 1) PCN; 2) amoxicillin; 3) TMP-SMX; 4) ceflacor |
| Sxs of serum sickness-like reaction | 1) fever; 2) arthralgias; 3) urticaria, 1-2 wks following drug administration |
| Sxs of rheumatic fever | polyarthritis, carditis, erythema marginatum rash, chorea and subcutaneous nodules; occurs when strep pharyngitis is not properly treated w/ abx |
| Sxs of HSP | arthralgias, purpuric rash of the lower extremities, abdominal pain and renal disease |
| Serious complication of giant cell arteritis | aortic aneurysm (followed with serial CXR) |
| Diseases associated with membranous glomerulonephritis | HBV, HCV, syphilis, gold, penicillinamine, SLE and RA |
| Treatment for classic benign essential tremor | propranolol |
| What is the cause of the increased risk of gestational DM during the 24th-28th wk of pregnancy? | increased levels of hPL (human placental lactogen), which has anti-insulin properties |
| During pregnancy, when are fasting urine glucose levels warranted? | in patient with incidental glucosuria on urine dipstick before 24 wks gestation |
| 5 extrarenal manifestations of ADPKD | 1) intracranial berry aneurysms; 2) hepatic cysts; 3) valvular heart disease (mvp and aortic regurgitation); 4) colonic diverticula; 5) abdominal wall and inguinal hernia |
| Most common cause of osteomyelitis in pt with sickle cell disease | salmonella |
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