| Term | Definition |
| 15 | With the fall of communism, the Soviet Union broke up into this many independent nations. |
| free market economy | After the fall of communism, all of the new governments turned to this system where the people - not the government - decide what goods and services to produce. |
| Moscow | the political and cultural center of Russia |
| heavy industry | In the past, most of Russia's factories focused on this production of goods such as machinery, mining equipment, and steel. |
| light industry | In recent years, more factories in Russia have shifted to this production of consumer goods such as clothing, shoes, furniture, and household products. |
| Kalingrad | Russia's only Baltic port that remains free of ice year-round. |
| Volga River | This body of water carries almost half of Russia's river traffic. |
| nuclear energy | energy from controlled atomic reactions |
| life expectancy | this number of years that an average person is expected to live has fallen in Russia |