Anat ch 13- The nervous system:neural tissue
Order by
56 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What does the nervous system include? | all the neural tissue in the body |
| The two divisions of nervous system? | CNS and PNS |
| CNS consists of | brain and spinal cord |
| cns is reponsible for | integrating, processing, and coordinating sensory input and motor output |
| PNS includes | all neural tissue outside of CNS |
| PNS provides | sensory information to the CNS and carries motor commands from the cns to the peripheral tissues and systems |
| PNS is divided into what two divisions? | afferent-carries sensory info to CNS efferent-carries motor commands to muscles and glands |
| afferent division begins at? | receptors |
| somatic sensory receptors | monitor skeletal muscles, joints, and the skin |
| visceral sensory receptors | monitor other internal tissues such as smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands |
| somatic nervous system | controls skeletal muscle contractions |
| autonomic nervous system | regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandular activity |
| activities of the somatic nervous system may be.... | voluntary and involuntary |
| autonomic nervous system... | involuntary, usually outside of our control |
| what two types of neural tissue are there? | Neurons(impulse conduction) and neuroglia(supporting cells, can divide unlike neurons, common source of tumors) |
| parasympathetic vs sympathetic? | para-just chillin sympathetic-fight or flight |
| PNS nerves? | 31 spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves |
| general characteristics of neuroglial cells | smaller than neurons more numerous than neurons most found in brain and spinal cord source of tumors |
| CNS neuroglial cells | Astrocytes Microglia Ependyma Oligodenrocytes |
| astrocytes | controlling interstitial environment maintaining the blood-brain barrier performing repairs in damaged neural tissue guiding neuron development |
| microglia | smallest of glial cells, work as phagocytic cells in the CNS engulfing cellular debris, waste products and pathogens |
| ependyma | produce spinal fluid |
| oligodenrocytes | produces myelin and wraps axons |
| PNS gial cells | schwann cells(neurolemmocytes) satellite cells |
| satellite cells | regulate exchange of nutrients and waste products between the neuron cell body and the extracellular fluid |
| schwann cells | every peripheral axon whether unmyelinated or myelinated is coverd with Schwann cells; Supporting cells of the peripheral nervous system responsible for the formation of myelin. |
| axolemma | plasmalemma of an axon |
| neurilemma | thick outermost coil of myelin sheath- bulging of Scwann cell contains nucleus and cytoplasm |
| the two anatomical subdivisions of the nervous system? | central and peripheral nervous system |
| what two terms are used to refer to the supporting cells in neural tissue? | glial or neuroglial |
| specifically what cells help maintain the blood-brain barrier? | astrocytes help maintain the blood-brain barrier |
| what is the name of the membranous coating formed around axons by oligodendrocytes? | myelin is what oligodendrocytes produce |
| identify the cells in the peripheral nervous system that form a covering around axons | in the PNS, schwann cells form a myelin covering around axons |
| what does the cytoskeleton of the perikaryon contain? | neurofilaments and neurotubules |
| what is a bundle of neurofilaments? | neurofibrils |
| cytoplasm of an axon? | axoplasm |
| terminal bouton | synaptic knob |
| anaxonic neurons | small neurons; cannot distinguish axons from dendrites; only found in CNS; functions are poorly understood |
| bipolar neurons | One dendrite and one axon; Receive limited inputs (special sense organs), rare, axons are not myelenated |
| pseudounipolar neuron | located in the periphery of the pody, where it conveys sensory impulses; characterized by a single process that divides into two, and a cell body located in a sensory ganglia |
| multipolar neurons | have multiple dendrites and a single axon; most common type of neuron in CNS; all motor neurons that control skeletal muscles are this type |
| Sensory neurons | pseudounipolar neurons with their cell bodies located outside the CNS in peripheral sensory ganglia; form the afferent division of the PNS-deliver info to the CNS |
| Afferent Fibers | axons of sensory neurons |
| somatic sensory neurons | monitor effects of external environment |
| visceral sensory neurons | transmit info about internal conditions and the status of other organ systems |
| exteroreceptors | sensitive to stimuli arising outside body (touch, pressure, pain receptors) |
| proprioreceptors | Type of sensory receptor that monitors the body's position in space. |
| interoceptors | monitor digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, urinary, and reproductive systems |
| efferent fibers | axons traveling away from the CNS |
| preganglionic fibers | axons extending from the CNS to a ganglion |
| postganglionic fibers | axons connecting the ganglion cells with the peripheral effectors |
| Wallerian Degeneration | Changes that occur in the axon distal to the site of axonal damage; the axon swells up and becomes irregular; eventually, the axon and the terminals are broken down into fragments that are phagocytosed by adjacent macrophages and Schwann cells. |
| excitability | ability of the plasmalemma to conduct electrical impulses |
| action potential | an electrical impulse developed after the threshhold level has been reached, the membrane permeability to sodium and potassium ions changes |
| neuroeffector junctions | site where synapses permit communication between neurons and other cells |
| Chemical(vescular) synapses | synapses which involved the release of a chemical neurotransmitter by the presynaptic neuron |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.