Biology Vocab. Review
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25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 heredity | passing of traits from parents to offspring |
| genetics | branch of biology that studies heredity |
| monohybrid cross | a cross that considers one pair of contrasting traits |
| true-breeding | all the offspring display only one form of a particular trait |
| P generation | first two individuals crossed in a breeding experiment |
| F1 generation | offspring of the P generation |
| F2 generation | offspring of the F1 generation |
| alleles | different versions of a gene |
| dominant | the expressed form of a trait |
| recessive | not expressed when the dominant form of the trait is present |
| homozygous | when the two alleles of a particular gene are the same |
| heterozygous | the alleles of a particular gene are different |
| genotype | set of alleles that an individual has |
| phenotype | physical appearance of a trait |
| law of segregation | the two alleles for a trait separate when gametes are formed |
| law of independent assortment | the alleles of different genes separate independently of one another during gamete formation |
| Punnett square | diagram that predicts the outcomes of a genetic cross |
| test cross | cross of a homozygous recessive individual with an individual with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype |
| probability | the likelihood that a specific event will occur |
| pedigree | a family history that shows how a trait is inherited |
| sex-linked trait | trait whose allele is located on the X chromosome |
| polygenic trait | when several genes influence a trait |
| incomplete dominance | when an individual displays a trait that is intermediate between the two parents |
| co dominance | two dominant alleles are expressed at the same time |
| multiple alleles | genes with three or more alleles |
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