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radioactive decay the spontaneous nuclear change of isotopes with unstable nuclei half-life the time it takes for a given amount of a radioactive isotope to be reduced to one-half how long ago was the palezoic era? 540 million years how long ago was the mezoic? 220 million years closed system when we have one mineral in the rock which formed along with the rock metamorphic rock formed by the recrystallization of rocks due to high temp or pressure what are the three grades of metamorphism? high, low, or mid what is the best rock to date? igneous what does 14CN date? organic materials what time period does 14 CN date? less than 40,000 what does K-AP date? feromagnisium minerals and K-feldspar what time period does K-AP date? greater than 100,000 what does UPB date? felsic minerals what time period does UPB date? greater then 100 million years dip-slip a normal fault where hanging wall is moving down and footwall is moving up strike slip like a transform fault what is an example of strike-slip? Saint Andreas fault host what happens when a normal fault is uplifted and elongated graben what happens if a normal fault undergoes extension rift a garben at mid-ocean ridges what type of pressure do reverse faults form under? compressive what are the 4 types of metamorphism? 1) burial 2) regional 3) contact 4) fault zone isotopic dating determining the age of a rock through its radioactive elements parent isotope the original isotope daughter isotope the new isotope that is formed