1.
Adenovirus, DNA: A. Diseases: Upper and lower respiratory tract infections; common cold (URI), pharyngitis, pneumonia. Also enteric strains.
B. Transmission: Respiratory droplets.
C. Pathogenesis: Infects epethelium of respiratory tract and eyes.
D. Lab dx: Usually clinical diagnosis for URI and pharyngitis.
Cell culture. Acute and convalescent antibody titers.
2.
Coronavirus, RNA: A. Diseases: Common cold and SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
B. Transmission: Respiratory droplets
C. Lab dx: Clinical diagnosis.
3.
Coxsackieviruses, RNA: A. Diseases: Herpangina, pericarditis, asceptic meningitis, possibly type 1 diabetes mellitus.
B. Transmission: Fecal-oral route
C. Pathogenesis: Initial site of infection is orophaynx, then settles in GI tract.
D. Lab dx: Cell culture, acute and convalescent antibody titers.
4.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV), DNA: A. Diseases: Congenital abnormalities. Mononucleosis-like illness, hepatitis
B. Transmission: By body fluids. Transmitted across placenta and by organ transplantation.
C. Lab dx: Cell culture. Acute and convalescent antibody titers.
5.
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), DNA: A. Diseases: Infectious mononucleosis, Burkett's lymphoma in East African children.
B. Transmission: By saliva.
C. Pathogenesis: Establishes latency in B lymphocytes.
D. Lab dx: Heterophil antibody positive (Mono-spot test).
Lymphocytosis with atypical lymphocytes.
EBV antibodies.
6.
Hepatitis A Virus (HAV), RNA: A. Diseases: Hepatitis A
B. Transmission: Fecal-oral route.
C. Pathogenesis: Replicates in GI tract and then spreads to liver.
No chronic form of hepatitis.
C. Lab dx: Serologic tests.
7.
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), DNA: A. Diseases: Hepatitis B, hepatocellular cancer.
B. Transmission: Blood, sexual intercourse, during birth.
C. Pathogenesis: About 5% of cases progress to chronic hepatitis B.
D. Lab dx: Serologic tests, DNA viral load (PCR)
8.
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), RNA: A. Diseases: Hepatitis C, associated with hepatocellular cancer
B. Transmission: Blood is responsible for most cases. Sexual and perinatal transmission accounts for small number of cases.
C. Pathogenesis: Approximately 75% of cases are chronic.
D. Lab dx: Serologic tests, RNA viral loads (PCR)
9.
Hepatitis D Virus, RNA: A. Diseases: Hepatitis D (hepatitis delta)
B. Transmission: Blood, sexually and mother to child.
C. Pathogenesis: Defective virus that uses surface antigen of hepatitis B.
Replicates only in cells already infected with hepatitis B.
Chronic hepatitis develops.
C. Lab dx: Serologic tests.
10.
Hepatitis E Virus: A. Diseases: Hepatitis E
B. Transmission: Fecal-oral route.
C. Pathogenesis: No chronic form of hepatitis.
11.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1, DNA: A. Diseases: Fever blisters, cold sores, keratitis, encephalitis
B. Transmission: By saliva or direct contact with vesicle
C. Pathogenesis: Latent in trigeminal ganglia
D. Lab dx: Cell culture. Serologic tests.
12.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2, DNA: A. Diseases: Herpes genitalis, asceptic meningitis, neonatal infection
B. Transmission: Sexual contact, through birth can in neonates
C. Pathogenesis: Vesicular lesions on genitalia. Latent in ganglia.
D. Lab dx: Cell culture. Serologic tests.
13.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Retrovirus: A. Disease: HIV disease, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
B. Transmission: Transfer of body fluids. Also transplacental and perinatal.
C. Pathogenesis: Attaches to CD4 cell on helper T cells and other cells.
D. Laboratory diagnosis: HIV antibody by Elisa, confirmed with Western Blot. HIV RNA by PCR
14.
Human Papilloma virus, DNA: A. Diseases: Warts (verrucae), genital warts (condyloma acuminata). Associated with cervical cancer and cancer of penis.
B. Transmission: Direct contact of skin or genital lesions.
C. Lab dx: Clinical diagnosis. DNA hybridization tests.
15.
Influenza Virus, RNA: A. Disease: Influenza A, B and C.
B. Characteristics: Segmented genome
C. Transmission: Respiratory droplets
D. Pathogenesis: Infects epethelium of respiratory tract
E. Clinical diagnosis, rapid antigen tests, cell cultures of naso-pharyngeal washing.
16.
Norwalk Virus (Norovirus), RNA: A. Diseases: Gastroenteritis (diarrhea on cruise ships)
B. Transmission: Fecal-oral route.
C. Lab dx: Clinical diagnosis.
17.
Parainfluenza Virus, RNA: A. Diseases: Common cold, bronchiolitis and croup in children.
B. Transmission: Respiratory droplets
C. Lab dx: Clinical, cell culture, acute and convalescent antibody titers
18.
Parvovirus B 19, DNA: A. Diseases: Erythema infectiosum (Fifth's disease), aplastic anemia, arthritis and hydrops fetalis.
B. Transmission: Respiratory droplets and transplacental.
C. Lab dx: Serologic tests.
19.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) RNA: A. Diseases: Bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants.
B. Transmission: Respiratory droplets
C. Lab dx: Cell culture, rapid antigen test.
20.
Rhinoviruses, RNA: A. Diseases: Common cold
B. Transmission: Respiratory droplets and hand to-nose contact
C. Lab dx: Clinical dx
21.
Rotavirus, RNA: A. Dseases: Gastroenteritis (diarrhea) especially in children
B. Transmission: Fecal-oral route.
C. Lab dx: Clinical diagnosis.
22.
Varicella-Zoster virus, DNA: A. Diseases: Chickenpox (vairicella) and shingles (Herpes zoster)
B. Transmission: Varicella by respiratory droplets. Herpes zoster is not transmitted but occurs by reactivation of latent virus.
C. Pathogenesis: Latent in ganglia after chickenpox.
D. Lab dx: Cell culture.
23.
West Nile Virus: A. West Nile Fever, meningitis, encephalitis, flaccid paralysis
B. Transmission: bite of infectious mosquito
C. Lab diagnosis: Serological tests: serum or CSF for WNV IgM and/or IgG