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delta area of fertile soil at the mouth of a river papyrus reed plant of the Nile Valley, used to make a form of paper hieroglyphics system of writing made up of thousands of picture symbols and sound symbols developed by the ancient Egyptians scribes written record keepers who worked for the rulers, priests and traders saqiya animal-drawn water wheel dynasty line of rulers from the same family pharaoh all powerful king in ancient Egypt who guided all activities mythology traditional story describing gods or heroes or explaining natural events polytheistic belief in or worship of more than one god embalming process developed by the ancient Egyptians of preserving a person's body after death mummification process by which bodies were preserved and kept from decaying; mummy body that has been embalmed and wrapped in linen for burial Zoser king during beginning of old kingdom that had the step pyramid of Saquara built Khufu a king of Egypt for whom the Great Pyramid of Giza was built Khafre son of King Khufu: he is thought to have built the Sphinx Senusret I King during the 12th dynasty; built many temples in stone or with stone elements Great Pyramid of Giza constructed for Khufu/ Cheops in 2600BC and took 20 years/one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World Sphinx believed to have been buillt by Khafre to guard the pyramids Imhotep chief architect of the step pyramids at Saqqara during the old kingdom tribute payment made by one group or nation to another to show obedience or to obtain peace or protection Nubia region located south of Egypt on the Nile River later known as Kush prominence gain in importance monotheism belief in one god empire a group of territories or nations under a single ruler or government shaduf a bucket and lever lifting device that raised water a yard or so from wells and ditches to gardens or estates